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PMP Exam Prep: Study Materials & Mock Tests, Project Management Professional Certification | SPOTO

Achieve PMP certification success with SPOTO's comprehensive exam prep study materials and mock tests. Our up-to-date exam materials provide hundreds of realistic sample questions and verified exam dumps covering all exam topics. Assess your readiness through free quizzes and full-length online exam questions in a simulated exam environment. Detailed answer explanations ensure you fully understand each concept. SPOTO's exam simulator offers timed, scored practice tests that mimic the real PMP exam for an authentic experience. Cement your knowledge through unlimited exam practice with our user-friendly online exam questions and answers. Streamline your certification preparation with SPOTO's high-quality exam materials, practice tests, and mock exams. Start studying today!

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Question #1
As project manager, you identified a number of acceptable tolerances as part of your earned value management system. During execution, some "unacceptable" variances occurred. After each "unacceptable" variance occurred, you did which one of the following first?
A. Updated the budget
B. Prepared a revised cost estimate
C. Adjusted the project plan
D. Documented lessons learned
View answer
Correct Answer: A
Question #2
An output of the Close Project (or Close Phase) process is:
A. accepted deliverables
B. organizational process asset updates
C. work performance information
D. project management plan updates
View answer
Correct Answer: A
Question #3
When is a project finished?
A. After verbal acceptance of the customer or sponsor
B. After lessons learned have been documented in contract closure
C. When the project objectives have been met
D. After resources have been released
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #4
Which baselines make up the performance measurement baseline?
A. Scope baseline, cost baseline, and schedule baseline
B. Scope baseline, project management baseline, and quality baseline
C. Cost baseline, schedule baseline, and risk baseline
D. Cost baseline, project management baseline, and schedule baseline
View answer
Correct Answer: A
Question #5
Activity A has a pessimistic (P) estimate of 36 days, a most likely (ML) estimate of 21 days, and an optimistic (O) estimate of 6 days. What is the probability that activity A will be completed in 16 to 26 days?
A. 55
B. 68
C. 95
D. 99
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #6
You are a project manager for residential construction. As a project manager, you must be especially concerned with building codes-particularly in the plan quality management process. You must ensure that building codes are reflected in your project plans because______________
A. Standards and regulations are an input to plan quality management
B. Quality audits serve to ensure there is compliance with regulations
C. They are a cost associated with quality initiatives
D. Compliance with standards is the primary objective of perform quality control
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #7
Which type of control tool identifies whether or not a process has a predictable performance?
A. Cause and effect diagram
B. Control Charts
C. Pareto Chart
D. Histogram
View answer
Correct Answer: A
Question #8
Which of the following characteristics are found in a functional organizational structure?
A. Little or no project manager authority, little or no resource availability, and the functional manager controls the project budget
B. Limited project manager authority, limited resource availability, and a part-time project manager's role
C. Low to moderate project manager authority, low to moderate resource availability, and a full-time project manager's role
D. High to almost total project manager authority, high to almost total resource availability, and full-time project management administrative staff
View answer
Correct Answer: D
Question #9
Having worked previously on projects as a team member, you are pleased to now be the project manager to develop a new process to ensure that software projects in your IT Department are considered a success and are not late or over budget. However, many of your team members are new to the organization. As you work to establish a high-performing team, you realize the importance of______________
A. Mentoring
B. Coaching
C. Moving quickly through the forming and storming stages
D. Safeguarding information
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #10
The CPI on your project is 0.84. This means that you should______________
A. Place emphasis on improving the timeliness of the physical progress
B. Reassess the life-cycle costs of your product, including the length of the life-cycle phase
C. Recognize that your original estimates were fundamentally flawed, and your project is in an atypical situation
D. Place emphasis on improving the productivity by which work was being performed
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #11
What cost control technique is used to compare actual project performance to planned or expected performance?
A. Cost aggregation
B. Trend analysis
C. Forecasting
D. Variance analysis
View answer
Correct Answer: D
Question #12
To account for uncertainty in a schedule, reserve analysis may be used. All the following are examples of contingency reserves EXCEPT ______________
A. Fixed number of work periods
B. Percent of the estimated activity duration
C. Buffers
D. Productivity metrics
View answer
Correct Answer: C
Question #13
Several types of float are found in project networks. Float that is used by a particular activity and does NOT affect the float in later activities is called______________
A. Extra float
B. Free float
C. Total float
D. Expected float
View answer
Correct Answer: A
Question #14
Which process occurs within the Monitoring and Controlling Process Group?
A. Control Costs
B. Plan Quality
C. Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis
D. Determine Budget
View answer
Correct Answer: A
Question #15
An input of the Plan Procurement Management process is:
A. Make-or-buy decisions
B. Activity cost estimates
C. Seller proposals
D. Procurement documents
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #16
The process of monitoring the status of the project and product scope as well as managing the changes to the scope baseline is known as:
A. Validate Scope
B. Plan Scope Management
C. Control Scope
D. Define Scope
View answer
Correct Answer: C
Question #17
What is the critical chain method?
A. A technique to calculate the theoretical early start and finish dates and late start and finish dates
B. A schedule network analysis technique that modifies the project schedule to account for limited resources
C. A schedule compression technique that analyzes cost and schedule trade-offs to determine how to obtain the greatest amount of compression for the least incremental cost
D. A technique to estimate project duration when there is a limited amount of detailed information about the project
View answer
Correct Answer: D
Question #18
Specification of both the deliverables and the processes is the focus of:
A. Change control
B. Configuration control
C. Project monitoring and control
D. Issue control
View answer
Correct Answer: A
Question #19
Which technique is utilized in the Control Schedule process?
A. Performance measure
B. Baseline schedule
C. Schedule network analysis
D. Variance analysis
View answer
Correct Answer: D
Question #20
You are managing a project to redesign a retail store layout to improve customer throughput and efficiency. Much project work must be done on site and will require the active participation of store employees who are lifelong members of a powerful union with a reputation for labor unrest. One important component of your schedule must be______________
A. A resource capabilities matrix
B. Buffers and reserves
C. A resource calendar
D. A resource histogram
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #21
You are using earned value progress reporting for your current project in an effort to teach your software developers the benefits of earned value. You plan to display project results on the cafeteria bulletin board so that the team knows how the project is progressing. PV = $2,200 EV = $2,000 AC = $2,500 BAC = $10,000 According to earned value analysis, the SV and status of the project described above is______________
A. -$300; the project is ahead of schedule
B. +$8,000; the project is on schedule
C. +$200; the project is ahead of schedule
D. -$200; the project is behind schedule
View answer
Correct Answer: C
Question #22
Constant bickering, absenteeism, and substandard performance have characterized the behavior of certain members of your team. You have planned an off-site retreat for the team to engage in a variety of activities. Your primary objective for investing time and money in this event is to improve______________
A. Team performance
B. Morale
C. Quality
D. Individual performance
View answer
Correct Answer: C
Question #23
As an output of plan communications, it may be necessary to update the project documents, which include the______________
A. Stakeholder register
B. Corporate policies, procedures, and processes
C. Knowledge management system
D. Stakeholder management plan
View answer
Correct Answer: A
Question #24
The process of formalizing acceptance of the completed project deliverables is known as:
A. Validate Scope
B. Close Project or Phase
C. Control Quality
D. Verify Scope
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #25
The following chart contains information about the tasks in a project. Based on the chart, what is the cost performance index (CPI) for Task 2?
A. 0
B. 1
C. 1
D. 1
View answer
Correct Answer: C
Question #26
Project management processes are
A. Static; they must not change across different projects
B. Applied globally and across all industry groups
C. Discrete elements with well-defined interfaces
D. Project phases, applied as required in different projects
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #27
Statements of organizational policies and philosophies, position descriptions, and constraints are examples of______________
A. Formal communication
B. Lateral communication
C. External communication
D. Horizontal communication
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #28
Configuration identification, configuration status accounting, and configuration verification and audit are all activities in which process?
A. Perform Quality Assurance
B. Direct and Manage Project Work
C. Monitor and Control Project Work
D. Perform Integrated Change Control
View answer
Correct Answer: D
Question #29
Your organization is adopting a project-based approach to business, which has been difficult. Although project teams have been created, they are little more than a collection of functional and technical experts who focus on their specialties. You are managing the company's most important project. As you begin this project, you must place a high priority on______________
A. Creating an effective team
B. Identifying the resources needed to finish the project on time
C. The best way to communicate status to the CEO
D. Establishing firm project requirements
View answer
Correct Answer: A
Question #30
Project managers spend a great deal of time communicating with the team, the stakeholders, the client, and the sponsor. One can easily see the challenges involved, especially if one team member must communicate a technical concept to another team member in a different country. The first step in this process is to______________
A. Encode the message
B. Decode the message
C. Determine the feedback loops
D. Determine the medium
View answer
Correct Answer: D
Question #31
Rank ordering of defects should be used to guide corrective action. This is the underlying principle behind______________
A. Trend analysis
B. Inspections
C. Control charts
D. Pareto diagrams
View answer
Correct Answer: A
Question #32
How is quality control performed?
A. By identifying quality standards that are relevant to the project and determining how to satisfy them
B. By monitoring specific project results in compliance with relevant quality standards and determining corrective actions as needed
C. By ensuring that the entire project team has been adequately trained in quality assurance processes
D. By applying Monte Carlo, sampling, Pareto analysis, and benchmarking techniques to ensure conformance to quality standards
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #33
While processes in the Planning Process Group seek to collect feedback and define project documents to guide project work, organizational procedures dictate when the project planning:
A. ends
B. begins
C. delays
D. deviates
View answer
Correct Answer: A
Question #34
Which of the following is a schematic display of the project’s schedule activities and the logical relationships among them?
A. Gantt chart
B. Project schedule network diagram
C. Project milestone list
D. Activity list
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #35
The chart below is an example of a:
A. Responsibility assignment matrix (RAM)
B. Work breakdown structure (WBS)
C. RACI chart
D. Requirements traceability matrix
View answer
Correct Answer: D
Question #36
An activity has an early start date of the 10th and a late start date of the 19th. The activity has a duration of four days. There are no non workdays. From the information given, what can be concluded about the activity?
A. Total float for the activity is nine days
B. The early finish date of the activity is the end of the day on the 14th
C. The late finish date is the 25th
D. The activity can be completed in two days if the resources devoted to it are doubled
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #37
A revised cost baseline may be required in cost control when______________
A. CVs are severe, and a realistic measure of performance is needed
B. Updated cost estimates are prepared and distributed to stakeholders
C. Corrective action must be taken to bring expected future performance in line with the project plan EAC shows that additional funds are needed to complete the project even if a scope change is not needed
View answer
Correct Answer: C
Question #38
Performance review meetings are held to assess schedule activity and work packages over-running or under-running the budget and to determine any estimated funds needed to complete work in progress. Typically, if EV is being used, all but which of the following information is determined?
A. Variance analysis
B. Trend analysis
C. Time reporting systems
D. Earned value performance
View answer
Correct Answer: D
Question #39
Schedule milestones and a predefined budget are examples of:
A. Project constraints
B. Requirements documentation
C. Organizational process assets
D. Activity cost estimates
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #40
Assume that the project cost estimates have been prepared for each activity and the basis of these estimates has been determined. Now, as the project manager for your nutrition awareness program in your hospital, you are preparing your budget. Because you have estimates for more than 1,200 separate activities, you have decided to first______________
A. Aggregate these estimates by work packages
B. Aggregate these estimates by control accounts to facilitate the use of earned value management
C. Use the results of previous projects to predict total costs
D. Set your cost performance baseline
View answer
Correct Answer: D
Question #41
General management skills relevant to the manage communications process include______________
A. Operational planning
B. Organizational behavior
C. Setting and managing expectations
D. Influencing the organization
View answer
Correct Answer: D
Question #42
You realize that leadership without management or management without leadership probably will produce poor project results. Which one of the following key responsibilities best represents project leadership?
A. Developing a vision and strategy, and motivating people to achieve them
B. Getting things done through other people
C. Using charismatic power to motivate others even if they do not like the work
D. Using all types of power, as appropriate, as motivational tools
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #43
Which standard examines an enterprise’s project management process capabilities?
A. PMBOK Guide
B. The Standard for Program Management
C. Organizational Project Management Maturity Model “OPMJ
D. The Standard for Portfolio Management
View answer
Correct Answer: C
Question #44
External organizations that have a special relationship with the enterprise and provide specialized expertise are called:
A. Customers
B. Business partners
C. Sellers
D. Functional managers
View answer
Correct Answer: A
Question #45
Forecasts, requested changes, recommended corrective actions, and organizational process asset updates are all outputs of which process?
A. Risk response planning
B. Risk monitoring and control
C. Performance reporting
D. Manage stakeholders
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #46
To which process is work performance information an input?
A. Contract administration
B. Direction and management of project execution
C. Create WBS
D. Qualitative risk analysis
View answer
Correct Answer: A
Question #47
Which of the following tools and techniques are utilized in the Close Project or Phase process?
A. Project management information system
B. Product analysis
C. Expert judgment
D. Inspection
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #48
Which schedule network analysis technique modifies the project schedule to account for limited resources?
A. Human resource planning
B. Fast tracking
C. Critical chain method
D. Rolling wave planning
View answer
Correct Answer: C
Question #49
As project manager, you have assembled the team to prepare a comprehensive list of project risks. Which one of the following documents would be the most helpful in this process?
A. OBS
B. WBS
C. RBS
D. CBS
View answer
Correct Answer: C
Question #50
The purpose of work performance data in control communications is to present results of comparative analysis to the______________
A. Performance measurement baseline
B. Communications management plan
C. Stakeholder management plan
D. Deliverable status
View answer
Correct Answer: D
Question #51
A simple performance report provides information on______________
A. Percent complete
B. Customer satisfaction
C. Unacceptable variances
D. Scope creep
View answer
Correct Answer: A
Question #52
Which type of estimating can produce higher levels of accuracy, depending upon the sophistication and underlying data built into the model?
A. Bottom-up
B. Three-point
C. Parametric
D. Analogous
View answer
Correct Answer: C
Question #53
If operations on a work package were estimated to cost $1,500 and finish today but, instead, have cost $1,350 and are only two-thirds complete, the cost variance is______________
A. $150
B. -$150
C. -$350
D. -$500
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #54
Which technique is utilized in the Schedule Control process?
A. Performance Measure
B. Baseline Schedule
C. Schedule Comparison
D. Variance Analysis
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #55
In quality management, the practice "rework" is______________
A. Acceptable under certain circumstances
B. An adjustment made that is based on quality control measurements
C. Action taken to bring a defective or nonconforming component into compliance
D. Not a concern if errors are detected early
View answer
Correct Answer: C
Question #56
Sensitivity analysis is typically displayed as a/an:
A. Decision tree diagram
B. Tornado diagram
C. Pareto diagram
D. Ishikawa diagram
View answer
Correct Answer: D
Question #57
Which of the Project Time Management processes analyzes activity sequencing, durations, resource requirements, and schedule constraints?
A. Estimate Activity Durations
B. ControlSchedule
C. Sequence Activities
D. Develop Schedule
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #58
Which of the following is a conflict resolution technique that emphasizes areas of agreement rather than areas of difference?
A. Compromising
B. Collaborating
C. Smoothing
D. Problem Solving
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #59
In Project Cost Management, which input is exclusive to the Determine Budget process?
A. Scope baseline
B. Organizational process assets
C. Project schedule
D. Resource calendars
View answer
Correct Answer: D
Question #60
Changes in the report formats and lessons learned documents process should trigger changes to the______________
A. Project management plan and performance reporting system
B. Integrated change control system and the communications management plan
C. Monitor and control project process and the project management plan
D. Organizational process assets updates
View answer
Correct Answer: C
Question #61
Which Develop Schedule tool and technique produces a theoretical early start date and late start date?
A. Critical path method
B. Variance analysis
C. Schedule compression
D. Schedule comparison bar charts
View answer
Correct Answer: A
Question #62
The links between the processes in the Process Groups are often:
A. Intuitive
B. Iterative
C. MeasuredD
View answer
Correct Answer: A
Question #63
The purpose of inspection in Perform Quality Control is to keep errors:
A. in line with a measured degree of conformity
B. out of the hands of the customer
C. in a specified range of acceptable results
D. out of the process
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #64
Management has grown weary of the many surprises, mostly negative, that occur on your projects. In an effort to provide stakeholders with an effective performance metric, you will use the to-complete performance index (TCPI). Its purpose is to______________
A. Determine the schedule and cost performance needed to complete the remaining work within management's financial goal for the project
B. Determine the cost performance needed to complete the remaining work within management's financial goal for the project
C. Predict final project costs
D. Predict final project schedule and costs
View answer
Correct Answer: C
Question #65
An effective technique for resolving conflict that incorporates multiple viewpoints from differing perspectives to achieve consensus and commitment is:
A. smooth/accommodate
B. force/direct
C. collaborate/problem solve
D. compromise/reconcile
View answer
Correct Answer: C
Question #66
Section: Monitoring and Controlling Explanation Explanation/Reference: The key benefit of the Monitoring and Controlling Process Group is the ability to:
A. establish and manage project communication channels, both external and internal to the project team
B. influence the stakeholders that want to circumvent integrated change control so that their changes are implemented
C. monitor the ongoing project team against the team performance assessments and the project performance baseline
D. observe and measure project performance regularly and consistently to identify variances from the project management plan
View answer
Correct Answer: D
Question #67
The ways in which the roles and responsibilities, reporting relationships, and staffing management will be addressed and structured within a project is described in the:
A. Human resource management plan
B. Activity resource requirements
C. Personnel assessment tools,
D. Multi-criteria decision analysis
View answer
Correct Answer: A
Question #68
As the project manager, you have the option of proposing one of three systems to a client: a full-feature system that not only satisfies the minimum requirements but also offers numerous special functions (the "Mercedes"); a system that meets the client's minimum requirements (the "Yugo"); and a system that satisfies the minimum requirements plus has a few extra features (the "Toyota"). The on-time records and associated profits and losses are depicted on the below decision tree. What is the expected moneta
A. $9,900
B. $44,000
C. $45,000
D. $48,000
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #69
A measure of cost performance that is required to be achieved with the remaining resources in order to meet a specified management goal and is expressed as the ratio of the cost needed for finishing the outstanding work to the remaining budget is known as the:
A. budget at completion (BAC)
B. earned value management (EVM)
C. to-complete performance index
D. cost performance index
View answer
Correct Answer: C
Question #70
Which category of contracts are sellers legally obligated to complete, with possible financial damages if the project objectives are not met?
A. Cost-reimbursable contracts
B. Time and Material contracts (T&M)
C. Fixed-price contracts
D. Cost Plus Fixed Fee Contracts (CPFF)
View answer
Correct Answer: C
Question #71
The project budget is set at $150,000. The project duration is planned to be one year. At the completion of Week 16 of the project, the following information is collected: Actual cost = $50,000, Plan cost = $45,000, Earned value = $40,000. What is the cost performance index?
A. 0
B. 0
C. 1
View answer
Correct Answer: A
Question #72
An input to Close Project or Phase is:
A. Accepted deliverables
B. Final products or services
C. Document updates
D. Work performance information
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #73
Team performance assessments is an output of which of the following processes?
A. Develop Human Resource Plan
B. Perform Quality Control
C. Develop Project Team
D. Manage Project Team
View answer
Correct Answer: C
Question #74
Funding limit reconciliation is a tool and technique used in which process?
A. Control Costs
B. Determine Budget
C. Estimate Costs
D. Control Budget
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #75
Which term describes an assessment of correctness?
A. Accuracy
B. Precision
C. Grade
D. Quality
View answer
Correct Answer: A
Question #76
Your approved cost baseline has changed because of a major scope change on your project. Your next step should be to______________
A. Estimate the magnitude of the scope change
B. Issue a change request
C. Document lessons learned
D. Execute the approved scope change
View answer
Correct Answer: C
Question #77
The team members on your project have been complaining that they do not have any sense of identity as a team because they are located in different areas of the building. To remedy this situation, you developed a project logo and had it printed on T-shirts to promote the project, but this action has not worked. Your next step is to______________
A. Initiate a newsletter
B. Create an air of mystery about the project
C. Establish a "team meeting room"
D. Issue guidelines on how team members should interact with other stakeholders
View answer
Correct Answer: A
Question #78
The three processes of Project Cost Management are:
A. Estimate Costs, Control Schedule, and Control Costs
B. Estimate Costs, Determine Budget, and Estimate Activity Resources
C. Determine Budget, Control Schedule, and Estimate Activity Resources
D. Estimate Costs, Determine Budget, and Control Costs
View answer
Correct Answer: D
Question #79
When a control chart is used to monitor performance of a process, which of the following will be set by the project manager and the appropriate stakeholders to reflect the point(s) at which corrective action will be taken to prevent exceeding the specification limits?
A. Upper and lower control limits
B. Upper and lower specification limits
C. Process mean
D. Data points
View answer
Correct Answer: D
Question #80
Recently your company introduced a new set of "metal woods" to its established line of golfing equipment. However, in the past weeks many of the clubs have been returned because of quality problems. You decide to conduct a failure mode and criticality analysis to______________
A. Analyze the product development cycle after product release to determine strengths and weaknesses
B. Evaluate failure modes and causes associated with the design and manufacture of this product
C. Evaluate failure modes and causes associated with the design and manufacture of a new product to replace the clubs
D. Help management set priorities in its existing manufacturing processes to avoid failures
View answer
Correct Answer: C
Question #81
It is important on all projects to determine when and how human resources will be met. Assume that you are managing a project to assess methods for streamlining the regulatory approval process for new medical devices in your government agency. Because the agency has undergone downsizing during the past three years, subject matter experts are in short supply. You must determine whether the needed subject matter experts can be acquired from inside the agency or whether you must use contractors. This informati
A. Make-or-buy decisions in the procurement management plan
B. Contracts management plan
C. Staffing management plan
D. Resource management plan
View answer
Correct Answer: A
Question #82
What is the primary benefit of meeting quality requirements?
A. Quality metrics
B. Less rework
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #83
As project manager, you plan to conduct a "kickoff" meeting at which you will discuss all the following EXCEPT______________
A. Establishing working relationships and standard formats for global communication
B. Reviewing project plans
C. Establishing individual and group responsibilities and accountabilities
D. Discussing specific legal issues regarding the contract
View answer
Correct Answer: D
Question #84
What is the minimum a project schedule must include?
A. Variance analysis
B. A planned start date and a planned finish date for each schedule activity
C. A critical path diagram
D. Critical chain analysis
View answer
Correct Answer: A
Question #85
Increased attention to return on investment (ROI) now requires you to complete a financial analysis of the payback period on your project. Such an analysis identifies the______________
A. Ratio of discounted revenues over discounted costs
B. Future value of money invested today
C. Amount of time before net cash flow becomes positive
D. Point in time where costs exceed profit
View answer
Correct Answer: C
Question #86
What is the name of the statistical method that helps identify which factors may influence specific variables of a product or process under development or in production?
A. Failure modes and effects analysis
B. Design of experiments
C. Quality checklist
D. Risk analysis
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #87
Which action is included in the Control Costs process?
A. Identify how the project costs will be planned, structured, and controlled
B. Determine policies, objectives, and responsibilities to satisfy stakeholder needs
C. Develop an approximation of the monetary resources needed to complete project activities
D. Monitor cost performance to isolate and understand variances from the approved cost baseline
View answer
Correct Answer: D
Question #88
There are a number of different earned value management rules of performance measurement that can be established as part of the cost management plan. Which one of the following is NOT an example of such a rule?
A. Code of accounts allocation provision
B. Formulas to determine the ETC
C. Earned value credit criteriaD
View answer
Correct Answer: D
Question #89
The cost baseline and project funding requirements are outputs of which process in Project Cost Management?
A. Estimate Costs
B. Control Costs
C. Plan Cost Management
D. Determine Budget
View answer
Correct Answer: D
Question #90
Testing falls into which of the following categories of cost of quality?
A. Internal failure costs
B. Prevention costs
C. Appraisal costs
D. External failure costs C Which of the following events would result in a baseline update?
A. A project is behind schedule and the project manager wants the baseline to reflect estimated actual completion
B. A customer has approved a change request broadening the project scope and increasing the budget
C. One of the risks identified in the risk management plan occurs, resulting in a schedule delay
D. One of the key project team resources has left the team and no replacement is available
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #91
A project manager builds consensus and overcomes obstacles by employing which communication technique?
A. Listening
B. Facilitation
C. Meeting management
D. Presentation
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #92
Budgets reserved for unplanned changes to project scope and cost are:
A. Contingency reserves
B. Management reserves
C. Authorized budgets
D. Cost baselines
View answer
Correct Answer: D
Question #93
Quality assurance promotes quality improvement. A "breakthrough" is the accomplishment of any improvement that takes the organization to unprecedented levels of performance by attacking______________
A. Special causes of variation
B. Common causes of variation
C. Inspection over prevention
D. Specific tolerances
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #94
Which Knowledge Areas include processes from the Closing Process Group?
A. Project Quality Management and Project Time Management
B. Project Scope Management and Project Risk Management
C. Project Stakeholder Management and Project Cost Management
D. Project Integration Management and Project Procurement Management
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #95
The area where the project manager can have the greatest impact on the quality of his or her project is in______________
A. Quality planning
B. Quality assurance
C. Quality control
D. Quality improvement
View answer
Correct Answer: A
Question #96
At the start of a typical project life cycle, costs are:
A. low, peak as work is carried out, and drop as the project nears the end
B. low, become steady as work is carried out, and increase as the project nears the end
C. high, drop as work is carried out, and increase as the project nears the end
D. high, become low as work is carried out, and drop as the project nears the end
View answer
Correct Answer: A
Question #97
Deming's Fourteen Points provide a way for an organization to create and sustain a culture of continuous improvement. As such it should be directed by______________
A. The project manager
B. Top management
C. Employees participating in quality circles
D. Stakeholders
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #98
The following chart contains information about the tasks in a project. Based on the chart, what is the schedulevariance (SV) for Task 8?
A. -2,000
B. -1,000
C. 1,000
D. 2,000 B Section: Monitoring and Controlling Explanation Explanation/Reference:
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #99
Which of the following formulas calculates the number of communication channels in a project?
A. Option a
B. Option b
C. Option c
D. Option d
View answer
Correct Answer: A
Question #100
As project manager, you are primarily responsible for implementing the project management plan by authorizing the execution of project activities. Because you do not work in a projectized organization, you do not have direct access to human resource administrative activities. Therefore you need to______________
A. Outsource these functions
B. Prepare a project team charter that is signed off by a member of the human resources department to delineate responsibilities
C. Ensure that your team is sufficiently aware of administrative requirements to ensure compliance
D. Ask the head of human resources to approve your project human resource plan personally
View answer
Correct Answer: D
Question #101
When a backward pass is calculated from a schedule constraint that is later than the early finish date that has been calculated during a forward pass calculation, this causes which type of total float?
A. Negative
B. Zero
C. Positive
D. Free
View answer
Correct Answer: A
Question #102
What happens to a stakeholder's project influence over time?
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Stays the same
D. Has no bearingB Which quality control technique illustrates the 80/20 principle?
A. Ishikawa diagram
B. Control chart
C. Run chart
D. Pareto chart
View answer
Correct Answer: D
Question #103
During which process would you obtain stakeholders’ formal acceptance of the completed project scope?
A. Quality control
B. Scope verification
C. Scope control
D. Close project
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #104
A tool and technique used during the Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis process is:
A. risk data quality assessment
B. variance and trend analysis
C. data gathering and representation techniques
D. risk audits
View answer
Correct Answer: A
Question #105
You are part of a team that is working to develop a new medical implant device. Your project manager is an expert in medical implantation devices, yet he continually seeks opinions from the team about a wide variety of project and product issues. Team members often run project meetings while he sits silently at the head of the table. Which one of the following best characterizes his leadership style?
A. Laissez-faire
B. Team directed
C. Collaborative
D. Shared leadership
View answer
Correct Answer: C
Question #106
Decomposition, rolling wave planning, and templates are all tools and techniques for which of the following?
A. Define Activities
B. Estimate Activity Durations
C. Develop Schedule
D. Sequence Activities
View answer
Correct Answer: A
Question #107
The risk urgency assessment is a tool and technique used for______________
A. Plan risk responses
B. Identify risks
C. Perform qualitative risk analysis
D. Perform quantitative risk analysis
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #108
Cost variance (CV) is equal to earned value:
A. Minus actual cost [EV - AC]
B. Minus planned value [EV - PV]
D. Divided by planned value [EV/PV]
View answer
Correct Answer: A
Question #109
You are working on a project with 15 stakeholders. The number of communication channels on this project is______________
A. 15
B. 105
C. 210
D. 225
View answer
Correct Answer: A
Question #110
Which schedule compression technique has phases or activities done in parallel that would normally have been done sequentially?
A. Crashing
B. Fast tracking
C. Leads and lags adjustment
D. Parallel task development
View answer
Correct Answer: C
Question #111
How is the schedule variance calculated using the earned value technique?
A. EV less AC
B. AC less PV
C. EV less PV
D. AC less EV
View answer
Correct Answer: C
Question #112
When a permitting agency takes longer than planned to issue a permit, this can be described as a risk:
A. event
B. response
C. perception
D. impact
View answer
Correct Answer: A
Question #113
In both the weak and strong matrix organizational structures, the primary condition leading to conflict is______________ Communication barriers
B. Conflicting interests
C. Need for consensus
D. Ambiguous jurisdictions
View answer
Correct Answer: C
Question #114
Information received from stakeholders concerning project operations can be distributed and used to modify or improve future performance of the project. This modification or improvement is done as an update to organizational process assets during which following process?
A. Plan communications management
B. Distribute information
C. Manage communications
D. Report performance
View answer
Correct Answer: C
Question #115
As head of the PMO, you will receive performance reports for all major projects. You decided to set a guideline for project managers as performance reporting should______________
A. Collect work performance information on the status of deliverables
B. Provide earned value data for project forecasting
C. Provide information at an appropriate level for each audience
D. Focus on cost and schedule variances rather than scope, resources, quality, and risks
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #116
You are leading a research project that will require between 10 and 20 aerospace engineers. Some senior-level aerospace engineers are available. They are more productive than junior-level engineers, who cost less and who are available as well. You want to determine the optimal combination of senior- and junior-level personnel. In this situation, the appropriate technique to use is to______________
A. Conduct a design of experiments
B. Use the Ishikawa diagram to pinpoint the problem
C. Prepare a control chart
D. Analyze the process using a Pareto diagram
View answer
Correct Answer: C
Question #117
If you want to calculate the ETC based on your expectations that similar variances to those noted to date will not occur, you should use which of the following formulas?
A. ETC = BAC - EV
B. ETC = (BAC - EV)/CPI
C. ETC = AC + EAC
D. ETC = AC + BAC - EV
View answer
Correct Answer: D
Question #118
The key benefit of the control communications process is to______________
A. Sharing best practices with other project teams in the organization with lessons learned
B. Ensuring the information needs of stakeholders are met
C. Ensuring an optimal information flow among communication participants
D. Providing stakeholders with information about resolved issues, approved status, and project status
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #119
Your project scheduler has just started working with your project and has produced defective reports for the past two accounting cycles. If this continues, these defective reports could provide the potential for customer dissatisfaction and lost productivity that is due to rework. You discovered that the project scheduler needs additional training on using the scheduling tool that is used on your project. The cost of training falls under which one of the following categories?
A. Overhead costs
B. Failure costs
C. Prevention costs
D. Indirect costs
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #120
Whose approval may be required for change requests after change control board (CCB) approval?
A. Functional managers
B. Business partners
C. Customers or sponsors
D. Subject matter experts
View answer
Correct Answer: C
Question #121
You are using earned value progress reporting for your current project in an effort to teach your software developers the benefits of earned value. You plan to display project results on the cafeteria bulletin board so that the team knows how the project is progressing. PV = $2,200 EV = $2,000 AC = $2,500 BAC = $10,000 The CV for this project is______________
A. 300
B. -$300
C. 500
D. -$500
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #122
Using parametric estimating, if an assigned resource is capable of producing 120 units per hour, how many hours are required to produce 12,000 units?
A. 100
B. 120
C. 1,000
D. 1,200
View answer
Correct Answer: A
Question #123
Outputs of the Control Communications process include:
A. expert judgment and change requests
B. work performance information and change requests
C. project management plan updates and work performance information
D. issue logs and organizational process assets updates
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #124
The cumulative cost curve for planned and actual expenditures______________
A. Helps to monitor project performance at a glance
B. Is used for calculating the CPI
C. Is also known as a histogram
D. Forecasts total project expenditures
View answer
Correct Answer: A
Question #125
Lessons learned are created and project resources are released in which Process Group?
A. Planning
B. Executing
C. Closing
D. Initiating
View answer
Correct Answer: C
Question #126
You are managing a new technology project designed to improve the removal of hazardous waste from your city. You are in the planning phase of this project and have prepared your network diagram. Your next step is to______________
A. Describe any unusual sequencing in the network
B. State the number resources required to complete each activity
C. Establish a project calendar and link it to individual resource calendar
D. Determine which schedule compression technique is the most appropriate, because your customer requests that the project be completed as soon as possible
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #127
Which of the following is an estimating technique that uses the values of parameters from previous similar projects for estimating the same parameter or measure for a current project?
A. Reserve analysis
B. Three-point estimating
C. Parametric estimating
D. Analogous estimating
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #128
When choosing the most appropriate form of project organization, the first step is to______________
A. Create the WBS and let it determine the project organizational structure
B. Produce a project management plan and determine the functional areas responsible for each task
C. Refer to the project charter developed by top management
D. Develop a project schedule, including a top-down flowchart, and identify the functional areas to perform each task
View answer
Correct Answer: C
Question #129
Long-term contracting is an important aspect of project quality management because it______________
A. Provides incentives to vendors to make quality commitments
B. Improves quality through the use of benefit-cost ratio
C. Usually results in lower costs and increased profitability
D. Provides for periodic, yet mandatory quality audits
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #130
What is the difference between the critical path and the critical chain?
A. Scope changes
B. Resource limitations
C. Risk analysis
D. Quality audits
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #131
Which of the following is an enterprise environmental factor that may influence the development of the human resource management plan?
A. The organizational structure of the performing organization
B. Poor communication among team members
C. Ambiguous staffing requirements
D. Team morale
View answer
Correct Answer: C
Question #132
Analyzing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of a project is known as:
A. calculating cost of quality
B. comparing project benefits
C. performing measurements analysis
D. identifying risks
View answer
Correct Answer: A
Question #133
The cost performance baseline is typically displayed in the form of:
A. An S-curve
B. A normal curve
C. A U-curve
D. A positive slope line
View answer
Correct Answer: C
Question #134
Results of quality control measurements are used______________
A. As an input to plan quality management
B. To prepare an operational definition
C. To prepare a control chart
D. As an input to perform quality assurance
View answer
Correct Answer: C
Question #135
The cumulative CPI has been shown to be relatively stable after what percentage of project completion?
A. 5% to 10%
B. 15% to 20%
C. 25% to 35%
D. 50% to 75%
View answer
Correct Answer: D
Question #136
It is expensive to lease office space in cities around the world. Office space can cost approximately USD $80 per square foot in Tampa, Florida. And it can cost approximately $50,000 per square meter in Tokyo. These "averages" can help a person to determine how much it will cost to lease office space in these cities based on the amount of space leased. These estimates are examples of______________
A. Variance analysis
B. Parametric estimating
C. Bottom-up estimating
D. Reserve analysis
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #137
You are managing a project that will use a virtual team with team members on three different continents. Your company is looking to use the virtual team to provide a lower cost product by using resources in countries that have a favorable exchange rate to that of your country. To assist in this process as you estimate resource requirements, it is helpful to consider______________
A. Bottom-up estimating
B. Published estimating data
C. Analogous estimating
D. Reserve analysis
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #138
Conflict should be best addressed in which manner?
A. Early, in private, using a direct, collaborative approach
B. Early, in public, using an indirect, collaborative approach
C. Early, in private, using an indirect, cooperative approach
D. As late as possible, in public, using a direct, confrontational approach
View answer
Correct Answer: C
Question #139
Which output is the approved version of the time-phased project budget?
A. Resource calendar
B. Scope baseline
C. Trend analysis
D. Cost baseline
View answer
Correct Answer: D
Question #140
Assume on your project you have identified 250 stakeholders located in three continents and of these 250, you have determined that 200 of them will be actively involved and interested in your project. Therefore, as you determine an appropriate communication method, your best approach is______________
A. Elaborate status reports
B. Simple status reports
C. Knowledge repositories
D. E-mails
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #141
You are using earned value progress reporting for your current project in an effort to teach your software developers the benefits of earned value. You plan to display project results on the cafeteria bulletin board so that the team knows how the project is progressing. PV = $2,200 EV = $2,000 AC = $2,500 BAC = $10,000 What is the EAC for this project, and what does it represent?
A. $12,500; the revised estimate for total project cost (based on performance thus far)
B. $10,000; the revised estimate for total project cost (based on performance thus far)
C. $12,500; the original project budget
D. $10,000; the original project budget
View answer
Correct Answer: D
Question #142
Your project has been under way for some time, but indicators show that it is in trouble. You have observed all the following symptoms of poor teamwork in your project team EXCEPT______________
A. Frustration
B. Excessive meetings
C. Lack of trust or confidence in the project manager
D. Unproductive meetings
View answer
Correct Answer: D
Question #143
Which technique helps to determine the risks that have the most potential impact on a project?
A. Cost risk simulation analysis
B. Expected monetary value analysis
C. Modeling and simulation
D. Sensitivity analysis
View answer
Correct Answer: D
Question #144
An element of the modern quality management approach used to achieve compatibility with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is known as:
A. Forecasting
B. Brainstorming
C. Historical databases
D. Cost of quality
View answer
Correct Answer: D
Question #145
You must consider direct costs, indirect costs, overhead costs, and general and administrative costs during cost estimating. Which of the following is NOT an example of a direct cost?
A. Salary of the project manager
B. Subcontractor expenses
C. Materials used by the project
D. Electricity
View answer
Correct Answer: D
Question #146
Project managers for international projects should recognize key issues in cross-cultural settings and place special emphasis on______________
A. Establishing a performance reporting system
B. Using good communication planning
C. Establishing and following a production schedule for information distribution to avoid responding to requests for information between scheduled communications
D. Using translation services for formal, written project reports
View answer
Correct Answer: D
Question #147
Which knowledge area employs the processes required to ensure timely and appropriate generation, collection, distribution, storage, retrieval, and ultimate disposition of project information?
A. Project Risk Management
B. Project Integration Management
C. Project Communications Management
D. Project Quality Management
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #148
Who provides the inputs for the original estimates of activity durations for tasks on the project plan?
A. Project sponsor
B. Project manager
C. Person responsible for project scheduling
D. Person who is most familiar with the task D Control charts, flowcharting, histograms, Pareto charts, and scatter diagrams are tools and techniques of which process?
A. Perform Quality Control
B. Perform Quality Assurance
C. Plan Quality
D. Report Performance
View answer
Correct Answer: A
Question #149
Work performance information and cost forecasts are outputs of which Project Cost Management process?
A. Estimate Costs
B. Plan Cost Management
C. Determine Budget
D. Control Costs
View answer
Correct Answer: D
Question #150
Which of the following qualifications is the most important for a project manager?
A. Supervisory experience
B. Negotiation skill
C. Education in a technical field
D. Ability to work well with others
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #151
The contract in which the seller is reimbursed for all allowable costs for performing the contract work and then receives a fee based upon achieving certain performance objectives is called a:
A. Cost Plus Incentive Fee Contract (CPIF)
B. Cost Plus Fixed Fee Contract (CPFF)
C. Fixed Price Incentive Fee Contract (FPIF)
D. Time and Material Contract (T&M)
View answer
Correct Answer: A
Question #152
A project requires a component with well-understood specifications. Performance targets are established at the outset, and the final contract price is determined after completion of all work based on the seller's performance. The most appropriate agreement with the supplier is:
A. Cost Plus Incentive Fee (CPIF)
B. Fixed Price Incentive Fee (FPIF)
C. Cost Plus Award Fee (CPAF)
D. Fixed Price with Economic Price Adjustment (FP-EPA)
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #153
A. You have been a project manager for seven years. You now are managing the construction of a new facility that must comply with the government's newly issued environmental standards. You want to ensure that your team members are able to select methods to complete various activities on the project without needing to involve you in each situation. As you prepare your human resource management plan, you should document this information in which of the following______________ Roles and responsibilities sectionB. Resource assignment matrixC. Resource breakdown structureD. Staffing management plan
View answer
Correct Answer: A
Question #154
Which type of analysis is used to examine project results through time to determine if performance is improving or deteriorating?
A. Control chart
B. Earned value
C. Variance
D. Trend
View answer
Correct Answer: D
Question #155
An input to the Plan Procurement Management process is:
A. Source selection criteria
B. Market research
C. A stakeholder register
D. A records management system
View answer
Correct Answer: C
Question #156
Which of the following are inputs into the Administer Procurements process?
A. Payment systems, organizational process assets update, and claims administration
B. Inspections and audits, contract change control system, and project management plan updates
C. Procurement documents, performance reports, and approved change requests
D. Project documents, seller proposals, and payment systems
View answer
Correct Answer: C
Question #157
A project has a current cost performance index (CPI) of 1.25. To date, US$10,000 have been spent on performing the project work. What is the earned value of the work completed to date?
A. US$S000
B. US$9500
C. US$10,000
D. US$12,500
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #158
As part of a mid-project evaluation, your project sponsor has asked you to provide a forecast of total project cost. You should calculate the forecast using which of the following methods?
A. BAC
B. EAC
C. ETC
D. WBS
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #159
Work performance information is an output of which process?
A. Manage risks
B. Manage communications
C. Control communications
D. Report performance
View answer
Correct Answer: C
Question #160
You have now prepared your cost management plan so now you are preparing your project's cost estimate. You decided to use analogous estimating. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of analogous estimating?
A. Supports top-down estimating
B. Is a form of expert judgment
C. Has an accuracy rate of ±10% of actual costs
D. Involves using the cost of a previous, similar project as the basis for estimating current project cost
View answer
Correct Answer: A
Question #161
Conditions that are not under the control of the project team that influence, direct, or constrain a project are called:
A. Enterprise environmental factors
B. Work performance reports
C. Organizational process assets
D. Context diagrams
View answer
Correct Answer: B
Question #162
According to learning curve theory, when many items are produced repetitively______________
A. Unit costs decrease geometrically as production rates increase linearly
B. Unit costs decrease as production rates increase
C. Unit costs decrease in a regular pattern as more units are produced
D. Costs of training increase as the level of automation increases
View answer
Correct Answer: A
Question #163
During which process would stakeholders provide formal acceptance of the completed project scope?
A. Perform Quality Control
B. Verify Scope
C. Control Scope
D. Develop Schedule
View answer
Correct Answer: A
Question #164
Which technique is commonly used for the Quantitative Risk Analysis activity?
A. Brainstorming
B. Strategies for Opportunities
C. Decision Tree Analysis
D. Risk Data Quality Assessment
View answer
Correct Answer: C

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