-
- 615
- SPOTO
- 2023-10-18 10:14
Table of ContentsWhat Makes Boot Camp Training the Best Form of Training?Duration of CCNA certification boot camps:Cisco CCNA Boot Camps' advantages include:How Sending Your Staff to CCNA Certification Training Will Benefit Your Business:After the CCNA boot camp, what happens?
The CCNA is a standard network credential given by networking behemoth Cisco. The CCNA certification, which is at the associate level, is the best way to start a networking career and is extremely useful to businesses when looking for people for entry-level positions.
Additionally, CCNA boot camps teach students a deeper grasp of programming languages like Python, which offers them a significant advantage when they later decide to specialize in other areas of programming. These boot camps also enable students to take their careers in cybersecurity and other IT-related areas- in any direction since they are fundamental courses.
Installing, running, configuring, and validating fundamental IPv4 and IPv6 networks are topics we cover in the CCNA Bootcamp. You will be ready for the CCNA 200-301 Certification by getting familiar with networking, automation, and security.
CCNA certificate boot camps aim to enough prepare students for the test. The majority of CCNA boot camp curricula are identical. The first step towards acquiring further IT qualifications is getting this entry-level certificate. To prepare students for higher certifications, the finest boot camps teach essential network basics.
What Makes Boot Camp Training the Best Form of Training?
After your IT staff members obtain the CCNA certification from Cisco, your company will massively profit. Despite being certified at a mid-level level, your staff can set up, configure, and troubleshoot networks. A CCNA Boot Camp is the most amazing way to train your staff members. By concentrating on Cisco technology (firmware, hardware, and software), boot camps were classes that specialized in practical training with switched networks. Your staff members will study under the guidance of qualified professors in a class with other IT experts.
Duration of CCNA certification boot camps:
Depending on the supplier and structure, CCNA boot camps may span five days to 6 weeks or more. Some boot camp providers ensure their programs are lengthier because this is a beginner-level certification to accommodate every student.
Other boot camps, on the other hand, provide a thorough hands-on learning experience over the 5 to 10-day training period. Candidates for these shorter boot camps often need to have some background working with Cisco technology and a basic understanding of networking technologies and TC/IP.
CCNA boot camps are available in various formats, including classroom-based instructor-led, online self-paced, and online subscription. Cisco, the supplier of the courses, offers four various training options, including e-learning, a digital subscription, a virtual instructor-led classroom, and on-site private group training.
Massive CCNA boot camps offer extra benefits to participants regardless of the delivery method. You could also receive the following advantages depending on the provider:
Courseware
Voucher for the Cisco CCNA test. If more retake vouchers are required, specific boot camps.
Exam practice
The network simulator
Personal instruction
Availability of more bootcamp items
Students may also get a certificate of completion, and some boot camps include meals for those held on-site.
Cisco CCNA Boot Camps' advantages include:
They are immersive: In IT this is the secret to imparting comprehension. A CCNA Boot Camp offers an immersive atmosphere that permits the lasting enshrinement of fundamental concepts and information in your employees' minds.
They are intense: CCNA training boot camps are immersive in addition to being intense. Your staff members will finish their coursework in an environment free of interruptions. The learning gets expedited, and it ensures that once the students have mastered one idea or method, they move on to the next. To guarantee that the students retain the material, the teachers continuously assess the students' abilities.
Give group and individual instruction: Multiple study methods are available in boot camps. Peer reinforcement, in which students respond to questions, exchange knowledge, and learn from one another, has been demonstrated to be beneficial in group learning. To guarantee entire knowledge, a certified teacher must be present for one-on-one tuition.
Practical knowledge: In training programs, theories and simulations are used. Boot Camps integrate theoretical study with software simulations and practical practice with real hardware. It also guarantees that students have the necessary working knowledge of all the network's physical components, which enhances conceptualization and comprehension.
How Sending Your Staff to CCNA Certification Training Will Benefit Your Business:
You will want experts with the knowledge and abilities to manage and maintain networks in your company as they continue to develop. Your IT staff will be encouraged to work harder if you invest in their CCNA training and certification. CCNA-certified workers also have the following advantages:
Improved Employee Performance: Performance benefits from employee certification are also evident. Employees with CCNA certification performed 42 percent better at resolving and completing technical issues. The managers found that qualified workers took their jobs more seriously and tended to remain current on new developments.
Tasks Must Get Completed Quickly: CCNA-certified workers frequently do better than their counterparts when tackling networking tasks or issues. Because CCNA-certified workers receive systematic training, they may join networks built by other Cisco-certified experts and foresee problems by making connections.
When necessary, provide network support: Since they have the technical know-how to manage networks, CCNA-certified experts may help you lower your network maintenance expenses.
Decreased network downtime: Network downtime gets decreased when there is in-house talent. It increases the productivity of your company and saves a ton of money.
Add to Your Workload: Your Cisco-certified team can work on more projects since they have a high aggregate capacity and can handle issues quickly and effectively.
Customer Satisfaction: The vital statistic for every firm is the client. Another area where your Cisco-certified team can assist you is this one. To create a network structure that satisfies all your customer's criteria for security, scalability, capacity, and network performance, your team may first identify what they are.
After the CCNA boot camp, what happens?
The CCNA Bootcamp is designed to provide students with the skills they need to pass the CCNA 200-301 test.
The most recent and practical associate-level networking abilities are covered in this 120-minute exam. It gets a reflection of how Cisco solutions are applied by businesses and created with the assistance and input of business executives and Cisco employees.
The network basics, network access, IP connectivity, IP services, security fundamentals, automation, and programmability knowledge and abilities of candidates get examined in the CCNA 200-301 exam.
The test is difficult and 95% of test takers fail on their first try. The complete pass percentage is over 85%, so you shouldn't let that discourage you. Because "exam questions and passing scores are subject to change without notice," Cisco does not disclose passing results. Students should strive for a passing score of 85% since achieving between 800-850 points out of 1000 should be sufficient to pass the test.
-
- 616
- SPOTO
- 2023-10-17 13:28
Table of ContentsThe Evolution of Cyber Threats:The Need for Real-World Training:What Are The Benefits Of CompTIA Security+ Certification?Overview of the CompTIA Security+ examBenefits of Real-World Security Training:Effective Real-World Security Training Approaches:Is the Security+ certification worth it?
Cyber security professionals keep an eye on and stop unauthorized access to a network within a company. Cyber security professionals use several techniques to defend systems against online attacks, including strong firewalls, encryption, safe passwords, and strong cyber frameworks. Cyber security professionals are firm personnel who guarantee that a company's data is never hacked and that no hostile breach ever occurs. They continually assess the structure of the current network and look for methods to create plans to increase privacy.
The Evolution of Cyber Threats:
The realm of cybersecurity is no stranger to change. With each technological advancement, cyber threats have adapted and transformed, requiring cybersecurity experts to stay ahead of the curve. From phishing attacks and ransomware to sophisticated state-sponsored campaigns, the threat landscape encompasses a spectrum of risks that can incapacitate organizations and disrupt critical infrastructure.
The Need for Real-World Training:
While traditional cybersecurity training often focuses on theoretical knowledge and established best practices, the modern landscape demands a more comprehensive approach. Real-world training immerses cybersecurity experts in simulated scenarios that closely mirror actual cyberattacks. This approach provides invaluable hands-on experience in identifying, mitigating, and responding to threats, thereby enhancing technical expertise and strategic decision-making skills.
What Are The Benefits Of CompTIA Security+ Certification?
This CompTIA Security+ boot camp is for anybody interested in learning how to secure computer systems, becoming an ethical hacker from scratch, or advancing their career as a programmer by acquiring sought-after expertise.
The CompTIA Security+ certification is the massive entry point for entry-level and intermediate cybersecurity employment since it is widely recognized, including:
System Administrator: Installs hardware and software maintains security protocols and maintains configures and assures the dependable functioning of computer systems and servers.
Network Administrator: Responsible for establishing, running, and maintaining the network infrastructure of an organization to provide connection and security.
Security administrator: Installs and oversees security measures to safeguard sensitive data and computer systems inside an organization from online attacks.
Security Engineer: Supervises the monitoring and security of sensitive data and systems, and creates and executes secure network defenses against cyberattacks.
Security Consultant: An outside consultant assesses a company's security posture and provides recommendations to enhance security and reduce risks.
Security Specialist: Recognizes possible dangers and weaknesses in a network or system and creates measures to stop unauthorized access and data breaches.
IT auditor: Examines and assesses a company's IT infrastructure's security and effectiveness, ensuring it complies with rules and regulations and points out any shortcomings.
You may ensure to have a rewarding and high-paying career in the cybersecurity industry with the abundance of options available.
Overview of the CompTIA Security+ exam
By passing the CompTIA Security+ (SY0-601) certification exam, IT professionals may demonstrate that they possess the knowledge and abilities necessary to:
Analyze the security posture of a business environment.
Offer and put into practice suitable cybersecurity measures.
Maintaining hybrid environments' security.
Operate with knowledge of relevant laws and regulations.
Identify cybersecurity events and incidents, analyze them, and take action.
Download the free test objectives to get a complete view of the competencies covered by CompTIA Security+.
Benefits of Real-World Security Training:
Practical Application: Real-world training bridges the gap between theory and practice. Cybersecurity experts trained in realistic environments are better prepared to handle the nuances of actual attacks, translating classroom knowledge into actionable solutions.
Hands-On Experience: Just as a surgeon hones their skills through practical experience, cybersecurity professionals refine their abilities by facing simulated threats. These scenarios offer opportunities to test and validate techniques while gaining insights into different attack vectors.
Understanding Adversaries: Cybersecurity experts need to think like hackers to anticipate their tactics. Real-world training allows professionals to adopt an adversarial mindset, helping them anticipate potential breaches and vulnerabilities.
Quick Decision-Making: Amid a cyber crisis, quick decisions are crucial. Real-world training hones the ability to make informed choices swiftly, minimizing the impact of an attack.
Collaboration: Real-world scenarios often require collaboration with cross-functional teams, mirroring real-life incident response. Training in a team environment fosters effective communication and coordination among different stakeholders.
Customized Learning: Every organization's cybersecurity needs are unique. Real-world training can be tailored to an organization's specific infrastructure and challenges, ensuring the skills gained are directly applicable.
Effective Real-World Security Training Approaches:
Capture The Flag (CTF) Competitions: CTF challenges simulate real-world hacking scenarios, encouraging participants to exploit vulnerabilities, solve puzzles, and secure systems. These competitions offer an engaging and interactive way to enhance cybersecurity skills.
Red Team/Blue Team Exercises: These exercises simulate attacks (red team) and defensive responses (blue team) in a controlled environment. This hands-on approach sharpens skills in offensive and defensive strategies.
Cyber Range Platforms: Cyber ranges provide virtual environments where professionals can practice defending against various attacks. These platforms offer a safe space to experiment with different security solutions.
Incident Response Drills: Simulating incident response scenarios prepares cybersecurity professionals to manage and recover from real-world security breaches.
Threat Hunting Simulations: These simulations enable experts to proactively search for indicators of compromise and anomalies, mimicking real-world threat-hunting scenarios.
Industry Validation:
As cyber threats escalate, organizations across industries recognize the value of real-world security training. Certifications include hands-on training elements, such as practical exams and simulations, which are gaining prominence. These certifications provide tangible evidence of a cybersecurity expert's ability to navigate real-world challenges.
Is the Security+ certification worth it?
The Security+ test sometimes necessitates a time and financial commitment to pass. Your own career aspirations will affect the return on your investment. Having a certification like Security+ on your CV might offer you an advantage when applying for employment if you're interested in a career in cybersecurity.
But there are additional advantages that could exist. Gaining confidence in your capacity to respond to genuine security risks can come through studying for the exam and honing your cybersecurity abilities.
-
- 1198
- SPOTO
- 2023-10-13 11:30
Table of ContentsThe Evolving Threat LandscapeCisco CertificationsCisco Security Training: The Gateway to ExpertiseVital Components of Cisco Security Training:Benefits of Cisco Security Training:Preparing for Cisco Security Training:
The skills required to safeguard CCNA Cisco networks were taught in Cisco Security certification training. Secure access, VPN encryption, firewalls, intrusion prevention, online and email content security, and endpoint protection are just a few subjects covered in the course. Additionally, it covers more complex topics like network security utilizing Cisco IOS Firewalls, comprehending fundamental security concepts, and maintaining safe networks. A career in information security is the target audience for this class, particularly for those aiming to get the Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP) Security certificate.
The Evolving Threat Landscape
As organizations embrace digital transformation, the attack surface for cybercriminals expands. From data breaches to ransomware attacks, the consequences of security breaches can be devastating. The threat landscape is characterized by constant innovation on the attackers' part, making it imperative for security professionals to stay one step ahead.
Cisco Certifications
As a standard for technical knowledge and proficiency, Cisco certifications have come to be associated with excellence in the IT sector. These certificates are intended to verify individuals' expertise across various fields, from networking and security to collaboration and cloud technology. With entry-level, associate, professional, and expert levels, Cisco's extensive certification program can accommodate people at various stages of their careers. By obtaining Cisco certifications, individuals may demonstrate their expertise, get recognized in the market, and open up a wide range of career growth prospects.
Cisco Security Training: The Gateway to Expertise
Cisco's reputation in security solutions is unparalleled, and its training programs reflect that expertise. Cisco Security Training offers a comprehensive curriculum that spans foundational concepts to advanced techniques, catering to professionals at every experience.
Prerequisites:
Knowledge of the foundations of networks in general
Understanding of the basics of LAN implementation
Knowledge of how to control network devices in general
A public grasp of network device security
The intended audience for the Cisco Security Core Technologies (SCOR) certification training:
Designing, deploying, and maintaining security infrastructure gets the commitment of IT professionals.
Network engineers looking to learn more about Cisco security solutions should also take this course.
Network administrators want Cisco certification.
Cybersecurity experts looking to advance their knowledge.
Employees studying for the 350-701 SCOR test.
What to expect in the exam?
The implementation and use of fundamental security technologies are tested in this exam.
If you pass the 350-701 SCOR exam:
The Cisco Certified Specialist - Security Core credential is obtained.
You meet the basic qualifications for CCNP and CCIE Security.
One of the security focus tests must be passed for your CCNP Security certification to be complete.
The CCIE Security v6.0 Lab Exam must be passed to get your CCIE Security certification.
Vital Components of Cisco Security Training:
Network Security:
Understanding the principles of network security is the foundation of a strong defense strategy. Cisco Security Training delves into concepts like firewalls, intrusion prevention systems (IPS), and virtual private networks (VPNs).
Cyber Threats:
Identifying and mitigating cyber threats requires a deep understanding of attacker techniques. Cisco's training equips professionals to recognize and counter threats of malware, phishing, and social engineering.
Security Architecture:
Building a robust security architecture involves integrating various technologies seamlessly. Cisco Security Training covers the design and implementation of secure networks, ensuring a holistic approach to defense.
Secure Cloud and Mobility:
With the rise of cloud services and mobile devices, securing data beyond traditional boundaries is vital. Cisco's training addresses securing cloud environments and ensuring the safety of mobile devices in an organization.
Incident Response:
In the event of a security breach, rapid and effective incident response is vital. Cisco Security Training teaches professionals how to manage and mitigate the impact of security incidents.
Benefits of Cisco Security Training:
Expert Knowledge:
Cisco is a renowned name in the security domain. Training with Cisco means learning from experts who have a deep understanding of security technologies and practices.
Hands-On Experience:
The training programs offer hands-on labs and simulations that allow professionals to practice real-world scenarios in a controlled environment. This practical experience is invaluable in mastering security techniques.
Real-Time Relevance:
Cisco's training is designed to keep up with the dynamic nature of security threats. Participants gain knowledge that's relevant to current security challenges and emerging technologies.
Industry Recognition:
Cisco certifications carry weight in the industry. Being Cisco-certified demonstrates your commitment to security and positions you as a qualified security professional.
Career Advancement:
Security expertise is in high demand. Cisco Security Training can lead to exciting career opportunities, whether you're starting in security or looking to advance in your current role.
Preparing for Cisco Security Training:
Assess Your Knowledge:
Gauge your current security knowledge and identify areas where you need to build expertise.
Choose the Right Program:
Cisco offers a range of security training programs, each suited to different skill levels. Choose a program that aligns with your background and career goals.
Online Resources:
Cisco provides a prosperity of online resources, including study materials, practice exams, and forums for connecting with other learners.
Practical Experience:
Seek opportunities to apply what you learn in real-world scenarios. Experiment with security tools, configurations, and simulations to solidify your understanding.
Stay Updated:
The field of security is ever-changing. Subscribe to security blogs, news sources, and podcasts to stay informed about the latest threats and trends.
Measured Implementation and Operation of Cisco Security Core Technologies
Individuals who successfully complete the Implementing and Operating Cisco Security Core Technologies (SCOR) certification training can gain essential skills like securing network devices, implementing and managing VPNs, implementing intrusion prevention systems, securing content, understanding endpoint protection, identifying and mitigating network vulnerabilities, and comprehending the concepts surrounding cloud & content security. Additionally, they will understand access control technology and operational security procedures. With this certification, they may improve their professional abilities to support IT security in an organization.
-
- 1305
- SPOTO
- 2023-10-12 17:45
Table of ContentsWhy Cisco Certifications Matter:The Role of Trainers:Choosing the Right Trainer:CCIE demands a single core test and a single lab exam:Professional credentials do not require CCNA certification:Concentration exams are one of the CCNP alternatives.
One of the most extensive commercial innovators in the networking industry is Cisco Systems, Inc., as it was established in December 1984. This 39-year-old business provides various networking-related products, including routers, switches, firewalls, modules, and storage area networks (SAN). It also provides Cisco certifications like Cisco Certified Network Associate, Cisco Certified Network Professional, and Cisco Certified Internetworking Expert, which are well-known. The IT industry highly values all of the CISCO certifications.
Why Cisco Certifications Matter:
Cisco certifications have long been respected in the IT industry as benchmarks of technical prowess. They validate a professional's ability to design, implement, and manage complex networking solutions, and each level signifies a distinct group of proficiency.
CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate):
The CCNA certification serves as an entry point, laying the foundation for networking knowledge. Holders of this certification are equipped to configure, troubleshoot, and operate networks.
CCNP (Cisco Certified Network Professional):
Moving up the ladder, the CCNP certification requires a deeper understanding of network solutions. Professionals at this level can plan and implement advanced networks, making them valuable assets to organizations.
CCIE (Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert):
The CCIE certification is the pinnacle of Cisco certifications, denoting an unparalleled level of expertise. CCIE-certified professionals can architect, engineer, implement, troubleshoot, and optimize intricate networking solutions.
The Role of Trainers:
Trainers play a vital role in shaping the success of certification candidates. They provide guidance, impart knowledge, and ensure candidates are well-prepared for the rigorous exams. But what qualities should you look for in a Cisco CCNA, CCNP, or CCIE trainer?
Expertise and Experience:
The trainer's expertise is the cornerstone of practical training. A seasoned professional with hands-on experience in networking gets better equipped to provide practical insights and real-world scenarios. Look for trainers who possess the certification and have worked on diverse networking projects.
Up-to-Date Knowledge:
Networking is a dynamic field that's constantly evolving. A reputable trainer should be up-to-date with the latest industry trends, technologies, and best practices. It ensures that candidates get prepared to tackle current challenges and future innovations.
Engaging Teaching Style:
Technical knowledge is best absorbed through engaging and interactive teaching methods. A skilled trainer knows how to break down complex concepts into understandable components, fostering a deeper understanding of the subject matter.
Practical Labs and Simulations:
Hands-on experience is invaluable when preparing for Cisco certifications. Look for trainers who provide access to lab environments or simulation tools that allow candidates to practice configuring and troubleshooting networks in a controlled setting.
Personalized Support:
Every learner has unique strengths and weaknesses. A great trainer offers personalized support, addressing individual concerns and adapting the training to cater to the variable needs of candidates.
Exam Preparation Strategies:
Cisco exams can be demanding, and a trainer who offers exam-specific tips, study strategies, and practice tests can significantly boost your chances of success.
Positive Reviews and Recommendations:
Feedback from previous learners can be a reliable indicator of a trainer's effectiveness. Look for trainers with a track record of success and positive testimonials from those who have benefited from their instruction.
Choosing the Right Trainer:
Now that you understand the qualities to seek in a Cisco CCNA, CCNP, or CCIE trainer, how do you go about finding the right fit?
Research Extensively:
Start by researching trainers online. Check their websites, read reviews, and explore their social media presence to get a sense of their teaching style and credentials.
Attend Webinars or Workshops:
Many trainers offer free webinars or workshops. Attending one can give you a taste of their teaching approach and help you assess if it aligns with your learning preferences.
Ask Questions:
Don't hesitate to reach out to trainers with your questions and concerns. Their responsiveness and willingness to address your queries can give insights into their commitment to their students' success.
Seek Recommendations:
If you're part of professional networking groups or online forums, ask for recommendations from fellow professionals who have successfully obtained Cisco certifications.
Evaluate Training Materials:
Look at the study materials, resources, and tools offered by the trainer. Comprehensive materials can contribute to a well-rounded learning experience.
CCIE demands a single core test and a single lab exam:
The enterprise, security, service provider, collaboration, or data-center technology core exam comes first, followed by one lab test from the same technology track for the Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert (CCIE) level. Initial lab test options for the enterprise technology track include enterprise infrastructure and enterprise wireless. The fundamental examination for both CCIE and CCNP certifications gets a single written test. The new CCIE lab test measures candidates' proficiency across the adoption lifecycle of planning, implementing, running, and optimizing complex network situations. To evaluate these abilities completely, the lab format has been altered. Before taking the lab exam, candidates must complete the technical core exam.
Professional credentials do not require CCNA certification:
Candidates can begin obtaining an associate, specialist, professional, or expert level certification at any level because there is no requirement. At all levels, recertification is now possible with the use of continuing education credits. They were previously exclusively accessible to CCIEs. Training sessions, creating content, finishing online training programs, instructor-led training programs, and other activities are all examples of continuing education.
Concentration exams are one of the CCNP alternatives.
There are two tests required to become a Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP). Applicants must pass a core test in one of five technological tracks (enterprise, security, service provider, collaboration, or data center) and one concentration exam in the same track of their choice. Technology core examinations address the fundamental and widespread ideas needed for a candidate to be knowledgeable about technology architecture. Concentration examinations allow the applicant to select a topic of interest to them or connected to the technological area they have chosen as their area of emphasis. These exams go further into relevant and related technology to the core.
-
- 1374
- SPOTO
- 2023-10-11 11:19
Table of ContentsCisco CCIE CoursesHow should I choose a CCIE training center?What is the CCIE salary in India?What advantages does CCIE offer?After choosing a CCIE training facility, what should you do?
Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert (CCIE) is a Cisco Systems technical credential. It validates the expertise needed by network engineers to design, manage, and troubleshoot intricate converged network architectures on a range of Cisco hardware. Routing and switching, service providers, security, teamwork, data centers, and wireless are the six major areas of competence that make up this division.
Cisco CCIE Courses
Learning to become an expert professional is the goal of Cisco CCIE training. You need to have things working in your favor when you take the Cisco exam since it is a complicated examination to pass. Therefore, even if the information the teacher acquired when he passed the test was accurate at the time, you want the Cisco CCIE courses you study to be current. To avoid wasting time or effort, the material you learn during a Cisco CCIE Boot Camp must align with the CCIE Lab Exam Blueprint.
Trainers and Feedback: The benefit of high pay and distinction comes with one of the world's most challenging certifications, the CCIE. What better method to gain knowledge than through watching the pros? Learn solely from CCIE Cisco Certified Trainers. They know the requirements to help pupils pass this test since they have done it themselves. They will assist you in comprehending the tricks and strategies needed to pass the test and obtain this esteemed Cisco credential. They will receive training on what is crucial and what is not. Their primary goal is to familiarise you with the CCIE field so you may pass the certification exam. Ask their former trainees for feedback on the program by building a conversation with them.
Equipment and Labs: Everyone who works in networking is aware of the significance of the lab training.
The appropriate lab training, specifically. It will be necessary for you to practice in labs for at least 5–6 hours each day. Select a school of your choosing, but make sure it offers a Cisco Training Lab with all the most recent CCIE Routers, Switches, and other hardware. Doing hands-on testing using outdated CCIE equipment is useless. Prepare yourself by learning what to look for during an examination. Watch out for the following:
There are enough switches and routers in the racks to practice immediately.
The newest Cisco equipment for the CCIE training you have requested.
Practice on CCNA and CCNP devices won't help you pass the test.
Post-Training Assistance: Asking if post-training support is offered/not is the final factor to consider before choosing the Institute. Even after the training, having a mentor to help you with your questions is crucial. The CCIE training program requires a lot of commitment and effort. To prepare for the CCIE's first try, months of practice are needed. If your training is complete and you discover a bug in your code when practicing after two weeks. From whom would you accept assistance? So, ensure you receive this help via video calls, phone calls, messages, emails, and other channels.
How should I choose a CCIE training center?
It might be easier to select a quality training facility if you are aware of the qualities of a superior CCIE training facility.
First, a better training facility often has a lengthy history and a massive student body. That much is true. The victors who remain in the market's tough rivalry must have unique advantages. A large scale is a sign of strength as well. As a result, you may first learn about the institution's background and scope before selecting a training facility.
Second, a superior training facility frequently features a strong teaching staff. It goes without saying how vital qualified educators are. An experienced teacher with influential teaching skills may help his students grasp knowledge gradually, integrate it into their lives, and pass on priceless experiences.
Thirdly, a superior training facility will provide its services. The ability of the training facility to offer course auditions, the availability of instructors to guide students' learning, the availability of free learning opportunities for candidates who fail the CCIE certification exam at first, and other factors are all extremely essential to consider.
The fourth reason is that a better training facility will undoubtedly have a higher reputation. While everyone doesn't need to recognize it, a massive of people must. So, you can observe how--the training facility's reputation is regarded. It may be said that an institution is excellent if it can get the majority of the accolades.
What is the CCIE salary in India?
The initial wage after CCIE certification training is around 4.5 to 5.5 lacs per year for freshers, and depending on years of experience, it may reach 40 lacs per year in 10 years. Starting pay after CCIE Security credential training is between 5 and 7 lac annually, as it increases to 45 lac annually after ten years.
What advantages does CCIE offer?
The highest-paid and most sought-after IT certification in the world is CCIE. CCIE certification has a lot of advantages. You can secure employment with one of the top-tier IT firms and receive a competitive salary. With this qualification, you can find great employment chances in the networking sector. Diverse employment roles would also allow for significant advancement. Network Engineer, Senior Network Engineer, Network Administrator, Network Security Specialist, and Sr. Network Engineer are just a few of the well-liked positions for CCIE-certified individuals.
After choosing a CCIE training facility, what should you do?
You have several tasks to complete once you've chosen a training facility. No matter how well the training school provides resources or how skillfully its instructors instruct, the key to success still rests with you. Therefore, after choosing the training facility, you must enroll in CCIE certification training, pay close attention in every session, and put in massive practice. The only thing that truly matters is your own efforts.
-
- 940
- SPOTO
- 2023-10-09 17:14
Table of ContentsEmpowering Networking Professionals:Who should enroll in training programs for Cisco DevNet certification?Why Choose Cisco DevNet Training?Preparing for DevNet Training:After completing Cisco DevNet training and certification courses, individuals can develop the following skills:Benefits of Studying for Cisco DevNet Certification:How much is a Cisco certification?
Start your path toward DevNet Associate certification. Develop the software abilities required to play a crucial role in today's IT teams. The best practices of DevOps, a modern approach to software development, will be taught to you along with the safe use of Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), which may be used to quickly and safely automate manual operations that are already in use.
Cisco's solutions for software-defined networking, security, the cloud, data centers, the internet of things, collaboration, and open-source software development are all part of Cisco DevNet. To fully benefit from the potential of intent-based networking, the new DevNet training and certifications will aid in the fusion of infrastructure knowledge with the strength of programmability.
Empowering Networking Professionals:
Cisco DevNet Training is a groundbreaking initiative that merges networking expertise with software development skills. It's tailored for those passionate about networking, who aim to transform the industry, and who want to be part of shaping the future of digital connectivity. This training program offers a comprehensive curriculum that introduces participants to network automation, software-defined networking (SDN), application development, and more.
The Core of DevNet Training:
Network Programmability:
In traditional networking, devices are configured manually. Cisco DevNet Training introduces professionals to the concept of network programmability, where networks are configured and managed through code. It not only increases efficiency but also opens the door to innovative applications.
APIs and Automation:
Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) serve as the bridge between networking devices and software applications. DevNet Training dives deep into understanding APIs and how they enable automation, allowing repetitive tasks to be streamlined and managed with code.
Software-Defined Networking (SDN):
SDN is revolutionizing network management by abstracting the control plane from hardware devices. DevNet Training covers SDN principles, enabling professionals to create flexible, agile, and centrally managed networks.
Collaboration with Developers:
One of the unique aspects of DevNet Training is its emphasis on collaboration between networking and development teams. It encourages networking professionals to communicate effectively with developers, fostering a more holistic approach to infrastructure design and maintenance.
Who should enroll in training programs for Cisco DevNet certification?
Information technology specialists who desire to expand their knowledge of Cisco technologies
Network engineers seeking to learn more about Cisco products
Network managers interested in learning more about Cisco products
IT professionals who want to learn how to incorporate Cisco products into their software
College students who wish to learn about and use Cisco technology
Why Choose Cisco DevNet Training?
Innovation at Your Fingertips: DevNet Training empowers you to think beyond traditional networking boundaries. You'll gain the ability to create custom solutions, automate tasks, and integrate networks with applications, thereby driving innovation within your organization.
Diverse Skill Set: With DevNet Training, you're not just a networking professional—you're also a developer. This diverse skill set makes you a versatile asset, capable of handling complex projects that require networking expertise and coding proficiency.
Relevance in a Changing Landscape: As networks become more complex, the demand for professionals who can manage and automate them grows. DevNet Training ensures you remain relevant and adaptable in an ever-evolving industry.
Career Growth: DevNet-certified professionals were highly sought by organizations aiming to embrace modern networking practices. Your ability to build, automate, and innovate will open doors to exciting career opportunities.
Preparing for DevNet Training:
Embarking on the DevNet Training journey requires dedication and a commitment to learning. Here's how you can prepare effectively:
Foundational Networking Knowledge:
While DevNet Training covers coding and development, having a powerful foundation in networking principles is essential. Make sure you're familiar with networking concepts and technologies.
Coding Skills:
DevNet Training involves programming using languages like Python. Familiarize yourself with coding basics and Python syntax to get a head start.
Cisco DevNet Resources:
Cisco offers a prosperity of resources, including learning modules, sandboxes for hands-on practice, and a community of fellow learners and experts. Dive into these resources to build your knowledge and skills.
Hands-On Practice:
Network automation and development skills were best learned through practice. Set up a lab environment or use Cisco's DevNet sandboxes to experiment with real-world scenarios.
Stay Curious:
The technology landscape is constantly evolving. Stay curious, be open to learning, and explore new tools, languages, and frameworks that can enhance your skill set.
After completing Cisco DevNet training and certification courses, individuals can develop the following skills:
Gaining a grasp of Cisco networking technologies, such as routing, switching, and security, is one of the benefits of completing Cisco DevNet training and certification programs.
Network Automation Knowledge: Individuals will learn about network automation, which includes the usage of APIs, Python scripting, and automation tools like Ansible and Puppet.
Knowledge of Network Programmability: Individuals will learn about network programmability, including how to utilize NETCONF, RESTCONF, and YANG data models.
Gaining Information About Network Virtualization: Individuals will learn about network virtualization, including how SDN, NFV, and virtualization technologies are used.
Knowledge of Cloud Technologies: Individuals will develop a working knowledge of cloud technologies, including the usage of hybrid, private, and public cloud architectures.
Network Security understanding: Individuals will develop an understanding of network security, including the use of firewalls, intrusion prevention systems, and other security technologies.
Benefits of Studying for Cisco DevNet Certification:
More career opportunities: According to a study, workers who hold a Cisco Certified DevNet certification make an average of $115,000 annually.
Better technical skills: Professionals may obtain in-depth knowledge of the newest technologies and tools with the help of Cisco DevNet Certification Training.
Increased credibility: The Cisco DevNet Certification is widely recognized and gives professionals a competitive edge.
Greater self-assurance: Professionals feel more confident in their capacity to create, build, and debug applications.
Better job prospects: Professionals may enhance their careers and take advantage of new chances with Cisco DevNet Certification Training.
How much is a Cisco certification?
Numerous certifications are available from Cisco, and they range in price. The price of a Cisco certification varies depending on the certification level you're talking about, ranging from $125 for entry-level certificates to $1,600 for expert-level certifications like the CCIE. Costs for the Cisco DevNet Associate are $300. In addition to the dozen or so ordinary certificates, there are channel/partner examinations that cost between $80-$300 and specialty certifications.
-
- 797
- SPOTO
- 2023-10-08 10:45
Table of ContentsUnderstanding the Significance of CCNA:Curriculum Overview:Benefits of CCNA Training:Preparing for CCNA:Obtaining the Required Training for CertificationPost-Examination Requirement
Cisco's associate-level networking certification is the CCNA. You must pass a Cisco-created proctored test to become a CCNA, which verifies that you are familiar with the fundamentals of network administration.
The CCNA certification has been in existence for some time. Before recently, we provided a variety of CCNAs, each of which had a particular network infrastructure specialty. However, we've now combined all those CCNAs into a single, fundamental certification that can be used as a stepping stone regardless of where you wish to specialize later on. The certification procedure is also made simpler with the new CCNA. There is only one test and one Cisco training course available to assist you in getting ready.
Understanding the Significance of CCNA:
The CCNA certification serves- as a foundation for networking careers and is regarded across industries. Whether you're an IT enthusiast looking to break into the field or a seasoned professional seeking to enhance your skills, CCNA training provides a solid understanding of networking concepts and technologies. Covering topics like routing and switching, network security, wireless networking, and network automation, the CCNA curriculum is designed to ensure that candidates have a holistic understanding of modern networking principles.
Curriculum Overview:
The CCNA curriculum encompasses various topics, catering to beginners and those with some networking experience. Here's a glimpse of what the training covers:
Network Fundamentals:
CCNA training begins with the basics, ensuring that candidates understand the fundamental building blocks of networks. Concepts such as the OSI model, TCP/IP, and network topologies lay the groundwork for more advanced topics.
Routing and Switching:
An important portion of the training is dedicated to understanding how data packets are routed and switched across networks. Candidates delve into the world of routing protocols, subnetting, VLANs, and more.
Network Security:
In an age where data breaches are a concern, CCNA equips candidates with the knowledge of network security best practices. From firewalls to encryption, this module covers strategies to safeguard sensitive information.
Wireless Networking:
With the proliferation of wireless devices, a -powerful grasp of wireless networking is crucial. CCNA covers topics like WLAN configuration, security, and troubleshooting in a wireless environment.
Network Automation:
As networks grow in complexity, automation becomes essential for efficiency. CCNA introduces candidates to tools and concepts for network automation and programmability.
Benefits of CCNA Training:
Career Opportunities:
Among the most esteemed certificates in the field is the CCNA one. It may create new possibilities for massive money and prestigious employment. Statistics show that getting a CCNA certification results in a 20% income increase.
Industry Recognition:
Cisco is a recognized leader in networking technology. Holding a CCNA certification demonstrates your commitment to excellence and proficiency in the field.
Skill Enhancement:
Whether you're a newcomer or an experienced professional, CCNA training enhances your networking skills. The program covers foundational and advanced topics, catering to a wide range of learners.
Networking Knowledge:
CCNA training goes beyond just passing an exam. It imparts practical knowledge you can apply to real-world networking scenarios, making you an asset to any organization.
Preparing for CCNA:
CCNA training is designed to be accessible to individuals with varying levels of networking knowledge. Whether you're a novice or have some experience, here are some steps to help you prepare effectively:
Study Resources:
Cisco offers official study materials, including books, online courses, and practice exams tailored to the CCNA curriculum. These resources provide a structured approach to learning.
Hands-on Practice:
Theory alone isn't enough; practical experience is vital. Set up a home lab or use simulation tools to practice configuring routers, switches, and other networking devices.
Practice Exams:
Familiarize yourself with the exam format by taking practice tests. It not only assesses your knowledge but also helps you manage your time during the actual exam.
Online Communities:
Engage with online forums and communities dedicated to CCNA preparation. Discussions, doubts, and solutions shared by fellow learners can be helpful.
Stay Updated:
The field of networking evolves rapidly. Stay updated with the latest networking trends and technologies to ensure your knowledge remains current.
Obtaining the Required Training for Certification
It is not advisable to attempt the exam without instruction, regardless of your experience level. Candidates who receive authorized instruction from knowledgeable instructors have a higher probability of passing the test on their first attempt.
Numerous programs exist, each with a unique distribution method, duration, and efficiency. The person must ensure that the program they select will be beneficial to them.
When selecting a training course for the CCNA certification, be sure to take these aspects into account.
Location
It is crucial to pick a training site that is accessible. These courses were offered by technical institutions and other community colleges. They can be located online as well.
Length of the program
The program might last as little as a few days or as long as necessary to adequately prepare for the test. As long as all relevant information gets presented there is not a particular length that works best.
Important details
The following topics get included in an excellent training program:
LAN and WAN architecture
the OSI model
Addressing over IP and subnetting
A WLAN and VLAN
Routing protocol
Conceptual Switching
Translation of Network Addresses
Network security and administration (including ACL)
The Fundamentals of VoIP
Wireless Fundamentals
Overview of routers, switches, firewalls, and data centers.
Post-Examination Requirement
Once a person has earned the CCNA certification, they must make sure that they use the newly gained competence in regular tasks. Being acknowledged as a member of the Cisco-certified Network is something to be proud of. Another effective technique to keep learning about Cisco Network systems is through networking with other people in your profession.
As the technology applied evolves quickly, networking with other IT professionals may help a person keep current as they try to maintain their certification standard and be ready for their next steps, which might include obtaining further associate-level certifications from Cisco.
The benefits of passing the CCNA tests outweigh the knowledge and dedication required. The only way to stand out from the crowd and get your CV recognized in the highly competitive industry of IT networking is with a professional certification that verifies your abilities and goes a long way towards establishing devotion to the company.
-
- 1256
- SPOTO
- 2023-10-07 15:16
Table of ContentsWhy Get a Cisco CCIE Certification?Reputation and Accreditation:Experienced Instructors:Comprehensive Course Content:Hands-on Practice:Lab Equipment and Facilities:Customized Learning Paths:Practice Exams and Assessments:Flexible Learning Options:Success Stories and Reviews:Support and Resources
Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert (CCIE) is a highly respected certification in information technology, particularly in networking. One of the most crucial decisions we make in life is what career to pursue. It gets more challenging to choose the best school to receive your training from, and we all detest making poor decisions. Therefore, let us make your task easier if you're seeking a networking institute in India that also offers CCIE training.
Achieving CCIE certification demonstrates an individual's exceptional skills, expertise, and knowledge of networking technologies. However, the journey to becoming a CCIE is demanding and requires thorough preparation, which involves enrolling in a training program. With numerous training options available, it's necessary to know how to choose the best CCIE training that suits your needs. Here, we'll explore valuable tips to help you make an informed decision.
Why Get a Cisco CCIE Certification?
The Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert course is an expert-level certification program that the company offers to give enrolled candidates a thorough understanding of the theory behind designing, deploying, maintaining, troubleshooting, operating, and optimizing networks.
Before enrolling in the certification program, candidates must be informed of all requirements, employment possibilities, compensation ranges, and other perks of the Cisco CCIE Certification that may be accessed after passing the exam. Discover with CCIE aspirants.
Reputation and Accreditation:
When considering CCIE training programs, start by researching the reputation of the training provider. Look for training centers or institutions that have a proven track record of producing successful CCIE professionals. Check for any industry recognition, awards, or accreditations that validate the quality of their training. A well-established and respected training provider is likely to offer comprehensive and effective training.
Experienced Instructors:
Instructors play a pivotal role in the effectiveness of any training program. Experienced and certified CCIE instructors bring real-world insights, practical knowledge, and the ability to explain complex concepts clearly. Research the credentials of the instructors who will be leading the training sessions. Ideally, instructors should hold the CCIE certification and possess a wealth of practical experience in networking and related technologies.
Comprehensive Course Content:
The CCIE certification covers a wide range of topics and technologies. A good training program should offer comprehensive course content that aligns with the official CCIE exam blueprint. Ensure the training covers all the required domains, like network design, implementation, troubleshooting, and security. Look for a program that includes hands-on labs, practical exercises, and real-world scenarios to enhance your skills and problem-solving abilities.
Hands-on Practice:
CCIE certification is known for its practical approach. Developing skills to pass the exam and excel in the real-world networking atmosphere requires hands-on practice. Ensure the training program provides ample opportunities for hands-on practice in a lab environment. Practical exercises allow you to configure, troubleshoot, and optimize network solutions, which is essential for success in the CCIE exam.
Lab Equipment and Facilities:
Effective hands-on practice requires access to up-to-date networking equipment and facilities. Check whether the training provider offers a well-equipped lab environment that mirrors the conditions of the actual exam. Outdated or inadequate equipment can hinder your learning experience and preparation. Ensure that the lab facilities provide a realistic platform for you to practice and master the required skills.
Customized Learning Paths:
Every individual's learning journey is unique. Look for training programs that offer personalized or customizable learning paths. These paths should cater to different experience levels, whether you're a seasoned networking professional or relatively new to the field. A customized approach ensures that you focus on areas you need improvement, making your training more efficient and effective.
Practice Exams and Assessments:
Practice exams and assessments are essential tools for gauging your progress and identifying areas needing further attention. A reputable training program should provide access to various practice exams that simulate the actual CCIE exam. Regular assessments help you track your development, build confidence, and refine your test-taking strategies.
Every minute, find inspiration.
It takes a year of dedication and attention in addition to 100% focus to pass the CCIE exams. Additionally, being among other CCIE hopefuls who were traveling the same path would help you maintain your focus for such a prolonged period. And CCIE-certified instructors who can not only clear up your questions but also offer advice based on their expertise. Create a group of 4-5 students, if feasible who get focused on passing the CCIE lab exam in the same field.
Reread the task and do one task at a time.
Avoid combining two jobs. Just relax. Just concentrate on one task at a time. Students typically become anxious and overthink before taking their CCIE lab test for the first time. Top CCIE instructors and lab mentors advise you to concentrate only on the subject when carrying out a particular assignment during your lab test. Reread the assignment. Only that question has the answer. The answer will come to you naturally if your notions are clear, you reread the work, and all you are concentrating on is it.
Flexible Learning Options:
Considering the demands of work and personal commitments, flexible learning options are valuable. Look for training programs that offer a variety of formats, such as in-person classes, virtual classrooms, and online self-paced courses. The flexibility to choose the mode of learning that suits your schedule and learning style can significantly enhance your training experience.
Success Stories and Reviews:
Research the success stories of individuals who have completed the training program. Positive reviews and testimonials from past participants can provide insights into the program's effectiveness and the quality of training provided. Hearing about others' experiences can help gauge whether the program aligns with your goals and expectations.
Support and Resources
CCIE training can be challenging, and having access to ongoing support and additional resources can make a significant difference. Check if the training program offers post-training support, such as a key to instructors for clarifying doubts or assistance with challenging topics. Extra resources like study materials, reference guides, and online communities can further enrich your learning journey.
Resilience and perseverance:
Dedication and perseverance are needed to become a CCIE. Do not give up if you experience difficulties or fail the test the first time. Discover areas for growth, draw lessons from your mistakes, and keep going until you receive your CCIE certification.
-
- 941
- SPOTO
- 2023-09-28 10:15
Table of ContentsUnderstanding Cisco Certified DevNet Professional CertificationPrerequisites for the DevNet Professional CertificationBenefits of DevNet Professional CertificationThe DevNet Professional Training CourseWho Should Get the DevNet Certification?Preparing for the DevNet Professional CertificationDevNet Associate Certification Fee:
The Cisco DevNet Associate certification, also known as the DevNet course, is an introductory course that gives students a thorough grasp of Security, Automation, and Network Infrastructures. With the help of DevNet training, one may discover the finest methods for contemporary software development, DevOps, and how to safely deal with Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to automate preexisting manual operations.
This certification verifies a person's abilities and expertise in the areas of Cisco platforms and development, application development and security, infrastructure, and automation, and understanding and utilizing APIs. The importance of Cisco DevNet certificates, their advantages over other credentials, standard certifications, study tips, test information, and career options are all covered in this article.
Understanding Cisco Certified DevNet Professional Certification
The Cisco Certified DevNet Professional certification is designed for software developers, network engineers, and IT professionals who seek to advance their skills in designing and building applications using Cisco platforms and APIs (Application Programming Interfaces). This certification validates an individual's proficiency in software development, automation, and network programmability.
Prerequisites for the DevNet Professional Certification
Before pursuing the Cisco Certified DevNet Professional certification, candidates should meet specific prerequisites:
CCNP-Level-knowledge:
It is recommended candidates have a solid understanding of networking concepts equivalent to the CCNP (Cisco Certified Network Professional) level.
DevNet Associate Certification (Recommended):
While not mandatory, having the Cisco DevNet Associate certification can provide a strong foundation for pursuing the DevNet Professional certification.
Programming Skills:
Candidates should possess programming skills in languages like Python, JavaScript, or others relevant to application development.
Benefits of DevNet Professional Certification
Versatility:
The DevNet Professional certification equips professionals with skills that are increasingly sought after in the industry. They can work on various tasks, from developing applications that leverage network APIs to creating automation solutions.
Career Growth:
Holding the DevNet Professional certification opens doors to various roles such as network automation engineer, software developer, DevOps engineer, and more. These roles often come with higher earning potential and greater responsibilities.
Alignment with Industry Trends:
The certification keeps professionals aligned with the latest trends in networking and software development, allowing them to contribute effectively to their organization's digital transformation initiatives.
Problem-Solving Skills:
The training and certification process enhances problem-solving abilities as professionals learn to develop solutions that address real-world challenges in networking and automation.
The DevNet Professional Training Course
To excel in the DevNet Professional certification, candidates were extremely advised to enroll in a comprehensive training course. This course covers the topics required for the certification exam and provides practical hands-on experience in developing applications for Cisco platforms.
Vital Aspects of the DevNet Professional Training Course
APIs and Programmability:
The training course delves into the fundamentals of APIs and network programmability. Candidates learn how to interact with Cisco platforms through APIs, creating custom applications to address specific networking needs.
Application Development:
The course covers the development of applications on Cisco platforms using languages like Python, JavaScript, and more. Candidates gain insights into building and deploying applications that optimize network functionality.
Automation and Orchestration:
Automation is a vital component of DevNet Professional training. Candidates learn to automate network tasks, streamline workflows, and create scripts to enhance efficiency.
Security and Compliance:
Security is integral to any IT solution. The training course addresses security concerns related to developing applications and working with APIs, ensuring that candidates are well-versed in creating secure applications.
Continuous Learning:
The DevNet Professional certification course emphasizes the importance of continuous learning. As technologies evolve, professionals are required to stay updated with the latest tools, frameworks, and programming languages.
Hands-On Labs:
Practical exercises and hands-on labs are an essential part of the training. Candidates gain valuable experience by working on real-world scenarios, allowing them to apply theoretical knowledge to practical situations.
Who Should Get the DevNet Certification?
It is crucial to comprehend who should take the DevNet certification exams. Starting with the eight specialization areas the certification is a fantastic opportunity to expand knowledge and broaden the skill set.
This course is specially created for professionals with one or more years of hands-on experience who get or aspire to be developers. The ability to create and maintain applications based on multiple Cisco platforms is a need. Additionally, this course may be chosen by people with the following career profiles:
Software developers
Application developers
Network engineers
Anyone who fits one of these categories and wants to learn more about software, programmability, and automation is welcome to enroll in the course. Here is a list of the occupations most suited for this course in addition. Check this out.
Software Developer
Network Designer
System integration programmer
Network automation engineer
Infrastructure Architect
This course material is also helpful for students who want to get their Cisco Certified DevNet Associate certification.
Preparing for the DevNet Professional Certification
Study the Exam Blueprint:
Familiarize yourself with the exam blueprint provided by Cisco. It outlines the topics covered in the certification exam, helping you focus your study efforts.
Practice Coding:
Developing coding skills is crucial for the DevNet Professional certification. Regular practice coding exercises and projects will enhance your proficiency.
Use Cisco Learning Resources:
Cisco offers official learning resources, study materials, and documentation that align with the certification objectives. Utilize these resources to reinforce your understanding.
Hands-On Experience:
Hands-on experience is invaluable. Experiment with Cisco platforms and APIs to develop a deep understanding of how they work.
Practice Exams:
Taking practice exams simulates the exam environment and helps you assess your readiness. Identify weak areas and focus on improving them.
Join DevNet Community:
Engage with the DevNet community to connect with peers, ask questions, and share insights. The community is a valuable resource for learning and collaboration.
DevNet Associate Certification Fee:
The cost of the DevNet Associate test (200-901 DEVASC) is $300. The exam will take 120 minutes to complete.
There are typically 100 to 102 total questions. The questions are divided into single-response, multiple-choice, and multiple-response categories.