ACL is the most common set of rules used to filter network traffic. They are used for network devices (such as routers or firewalls) with packet filtering capabilities. ACL is applied to packets that leave or enter the interface based on the interface.
For example on how ACLs are used, consider the following network topology:
It is assumed that the server S1 has some important documents that are available only to the management of the company. We can configure the access list on R1 to allow only user access from the management network to S1. All other traffic to S1 will be blocked. In this way, we can ensure that only authorized users can access the sensitive files on S1.
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