Free AWS MLS-C01 Practice Questions & Answers 2026 Part4

Question #1

A Machine Learning Specialist is using an Amazon SageMaker notebook instance in a private subnet of a corporate VPC. The ML Specialist has important datastored on the Amazon SageMaker notebook instance's Amazon EBS volume, and needs to take a snapshot of that EBS volume. However, the ML Specialistcannot find the Amazon SageMaker notebook instance's EBS volume or Amazon EC2 instance within the VPC.Why is the ML Specialist not seeing the instance visible in the VPC?

A. Amazon SageMaker notebook instances are based on the EC2 instances within the customer account, but they run outside of VPCs

B. Amazon SageMaker notebook instances are based on the Amazon ECS service within customer accounts

C. Amazon SageMaker notebook instances are based on EC2 instances running within AWS service accounts

D. Amazon SageMaker notebook instances are based on AWS ECS instances running within AWS service accounts

View answer

Correct Answer: C

Question #2

A Mobile Network Operator is building an analytics platform to analyze and optimize a company's operations using Amazon Athena and Amazon S3.The source systems send data in .CSV format in real time. The Data Engineering team wants to transform the data to the Apache Parquet format before storing it on Amazon S3.Which solution takes the LEAST effort to implement?

A. Ingest

B. Ingest

C. Ingest

D. Ingest

View answer

Correct Answer: B

Question #3

A Machine Learning Specialist is building a model that will perform time series forecasting using Amazon SageMaker. The Specialist has finished training themodel and is now planning to perform load testing on the endpoint so they can configure Auto Scaling for the model variant.Which approach will allow the Specialist to review the latency, memory utilization, and CPU utilization during the load test?

A. Review SageMaker logs that have been written to Amazon S3 by leveraging Amazon Athena and Amazon QuickSight to visualize logs as they are being produced

B. Generate an Amazon CloudWatch dashboard to create a single view for the latency, memory utilization, and CPU utilization metrics that are outputted by Amazon SageMaker

C. Build custom Amazon CloudWatch Logs and then leverage Amazon ES and Kibana to query and visualize the log data as it is generated by Amazon SageMaker

D. Send Amazon CloudWatch Logs that were generated by Amazon SageMaker to Amazon ES and use Kibana to query and visualize the log data

View answer

Correct Answer: B

Question #4

A Machine Learning Specialist is training a model to identify the make and model of vehicles in images. The Specialist wants to use transfer learning and an existing model trained on images of general objects. The Specialist collated a large custom dataset of pictures containing different vehicle makes and models.What should the Specialist do to initialize the model to re-train it with the custom data?

A. Initialize the model with random weights in all layers including the last fully connected layer

B. Initialize the model with pre-trained weights in all layers and replace the last fully connected layer

C. Initialize the model with random weights in all layers and replace the last fully connected layer

D. Initialize the model with pre-trained weights in all layers including the last fully connected layer

View answer

Correct Answer: B

Question #5

A Data Engineer needs to build a model using a dataset containing customer credit card information.How can the Data Engineer ensure the data remains encrypted and the credit card information is secure?

A. Use a custom encryption algorithm to encrypt the data and store the data on an Amazon SageMaker instance in a VPC

B. Use an IAM policy to encrypt the data on the Amazon S3 bucket and Amazon Kinesis to automatically discard credit card numbers and insert fake credit card numbers

C. Use an Amazon SageMaker launch configuration to encrypt the data once it is copied to the SageMaker instance in a VP Use the SageMaker principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm to reduce the length of the credit card numbers

D. Use AWS KMS to encrypt the data on Amazon S3 and Amazon SageMaker, and redact the credit card numbers from the customer data with AWS Glue

View answer

Correct Answer: D

Question #6

A data scientist at a financial services company used Amazon SageMaker to train and deploy a model that predicts loan defaults. The model analyzes new loan applications and predicts the risk of loan default. To train the model, the data scientist manually extracted loan data from a database. The data scientist performed the model training and deployment steps in a Jupyter notebook that is hosted on SageMaker Studio notebooks. The model's prediction accuracy is decreasing over time.

A. Use SageMaker Pipelines to create an automated workflow that extracts fresh data, trains the model, and deploys a new version of the model

B. Configure SageMaker Model Monitor with an accuracy threshold to check for model drift

C. Store the model predictions in Amazon S3

D. Rerun the steps in the Jupyter notebook that is hosted on SageMaker Studio notebooks to retrain the model and redeploy a new version of the model

E. Export the training and deployment code from the SageMaker Studio notebooks into a Python script

View answer

Correct Answer: AB

Question #7

A data scientist is designing a repository that will contain many images of vehicles. The repository must scale automatically in size to store new images every day. The repository must support versioning of the images.The data scientist must implement a solution that maintains multiple immediately accessible copies of the data in different AWS Regions.Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. mazon S3 with S3 Cross-Region Replication (CRR)

B. WS Storage Gateway Volume Gateway

C. mazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) with snapshots that are shared in a secondary Region

D. mazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) Standard storage that is configured with Regional availability

View answer

Correct Answer: A

Question #8

A Machine Learning Specialist trained a regression model, but the first iteration needs optimizing. The Specialist needs to understand whether the model is more frequently overestimating or underestimating the target.What option can the Specialist use to determine whether it is overestimating or underestimating the target value?

A. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE)

B. Residual plots

C. Area under the curve

D. Confusion matrix

View answer

Correct Answer: B

Question #9

A gaming company has launched an online game where people can start playing for free, but they need to pay if they choose to use certain features. The company needs to build an automated system to predict whether or not a new user will become a paid user within 1 year. The company has gathered a labeled dataset from 1 million users.The training dataset consists of 1,000 positive samples (from users who ended up paying within 1 year) and 999,000 negative samples (from users who did not use any paid features). Each data sample consists of 200 features including user age, device, location, and play patterns.Using this dataset for training, the Data Science team trained a random forest model that converged with over 99% accuracy on the training set. However, the prediction results on a test dataset were not satisfactoryWhich of the following approaches should the Data Science team take to mitigate this issue? (Choose two.)

A. Add more deep trees to the random forest to enable the model to learn more features

B. Include a copy of the samples in the test dataset in the training dataset

C. Generate more positive samples by duplicating the positive samples and adding a small amount of noise to the duplicated data

D. Change the cost function so that false negatives have a higher impact on the cost value than false positives

E. Change the cost function so that false positives have a higher impact on the cost value than false negatives

View answer

Correct Answer: CD

Question #10

An office security agency conducted a successful pilot using 100 cameras installed at key locations within the main office. Images from the cameras were uploaded to Amazon S3 and tagged using Amazon Rekognition, and the results were stored in Amazon ES. The agency is now looking to expand the pilot into a full production system using thousands of video cameras in its office locations globally. The goal is to identify activities performed by non-employees in real timeWhich solution should the agency consider?

A. Use a proxy server at each local office and for each camera, and stream the RTSP feed to a unique Amazon Kinesis Video Streams video stream

B. Use a proxy server at each local office and for each camera, and stream the RTSP feed to a unique Amazon Kinesis Video Streams video stream

C. Install AWS DeepLens cameras and use the DeepLens_Kinesis_Video module to stream video to Amazon Kinesis Video Streams for each camera

D. Install AWS DeepLens cameras and use the DeepLens_Kinesis_Video module to stream video to Amazon Kinesis Video Streams for each camera

View answer

Correct Answer: A

Question #11

A retail chain has been ingesting purchasing records from its network of 20,000 stores to Amazon S3 using Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose. To support training an improved machine learning model, training records will require new but simple transformations, and some attributes will be combined. The model needs to be retrained daily.Given the large number of stores and the legacy data ingestion, which change will require the LEAST amount of development effort?

A. Require that the stores to switch to capturing their data locally on AWS Storage Gateway for loading into Amazon S3, then use AWS Glue to do the transformation

B. Deploy an Amazon EMR cluster running Apache Spark with the transformation logic, and have the cluster run each day on the accumulating records in Amazon S3, outputting new/transformed records to Amazon S3

C. Spin up a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances with the transformation logic, have them transform the data records accumulating on Amazon S3, and output the transformed records to Amazon S3

D. Insert an Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics stream downstream of the Kinesis Data Firehose stream that transforms raw record attributes into simple transformed values using SQL

View answer

Correct Answer: D

Question #12

An online reseller has a large, multi-column dataset with one column missing 30% of its data. A Machine Learning Specialist believes that certain columns in the dataset could be used to reconstruct the missing data.Which reconstruction approach should the Specialist use to preserve the integrity of the dataset?

A. Listwise deletion

B. Last observation carried forward

C. Multiple imputation

D. Mean substitution

View answer

Correct Answer: C

Question #13

A Marketing Manager at a pet insurance company plans to launch a targeted marketing campaign on social media to acquire new customers. Currently, the company has the following data in Amazon Aurora:•Profiles for all past and existing customers•Profiles for all past and existing insured pets•Policy-level information•Premiums received•Claims paidWhat steps should be taken to implement a machine learning model to identify potential new customers on social media?

A. Use regression on customer profile data to understand key characteristics of consumer segments

B. Use clustering on customer profile data to understand key characteristics of consumer segments

C. Use a recommendation engine on customer profile data to understand key characteristics of consumer segments

D. Use a decision tree classifier engine on customer profile data to understand key characteristics of consumer segments

View answer

Correct Answer: C

Question #14

A Machine Learning Specialist is working with a large company to leverage machine learning within its products. The company wants to group its customers into categories based on which customers will and will not churn within the next 6 months. The company has labeled the data available to the Specialist.Which machine learning model type should the Specialist use to accomplish this task?

A. Linear regression

B. Classification

C. Clustering

D. Reinforcement learning

View answer

Correct Answer: B

Question #15

A Data Engineer needs to build a model using a dataset containing customer credit card informationHow can the Data Engineer ensure the data remains encrypted and the credit card information is secure?

A. Use a custom encryption algorithm to encrypt the data and store the data on an Amazon SageMaker instance in a VPC

B. Use an IAM policy to encrypt the data on the Amazon S3 bucket and Amazon Kinesis to automatically discard credit card numbers and insert fake credit card numbers

C. Use an Amazon SageMaker launch configuration to encrypt the data once it is copied to the SageMaker instance in a VPC

D. Use AWS KMS to encrypt the data on Amazon S3 and Amazon SageMaker, and redact the credit card numbers from the customer data with AWS Glue

View answer

Correct Answer: D

Question #16

A gaming company has launched an online game where people can start playing for free, but they need to pay if they choose to use certain features. The company needs to build an automated system to predict whether or not a new user will become a paid user within 1 year. The company has gathered a labeled dataset from 1 million users.The training dataset consists of 1,000 positive samples (from users who ended up paying within 1 year) and 999,000 negative samples (from users who did not use any paid features). Each data sample consists of 200 features including user age, device, location, and play patterns.Using this dataset for training, the Data Science team trained a random forest model that converged with over 99% accuracy on the training set. However, the prediction results on a test dataset were not satisfactoryWhich of the following approaches should the Data Science team take to mitigate this issue? (Choose two.)

A. dd more deep trees to the random forest to enable the model to learn more features

B. nclude a copy of the samples in the test dataset in the training dataset

C. enerate more positive samples by duplicating the positive samples and adding a small amount of noise to the duplicated data

D. hange the cost function so that false negatives have a higher impact on the cost value than false positives

E. hange the cost function so that false positives have a higher impact on the cost value than false negatives

View answer

Correct Answer: CD

Question #17

A company is setting up an Amazon SageMaker environment. The corporate data security policy does not allow communication over the internet.How can the company enable the Amazon SageMaker service without enabling direct internet access to Amazon SageMaker notebook instances?

A. Create a NAT gateway within the corporate VPC

B. Route Amazon SageMaker traffic through an on-premises network

C. Create Amazon SageMaker VPC interface endpoints within the corporate VP

D. Create VPC peering with Amazon VPC hosting Amazon SageMaker

View answer

Correct Answer: C

Question #18

When submitting Amazon SageMaker training jobs using one of the built-in algorithms, which common parameters MUST be specified? (Choose three.)

A. The training channel identifying the location of training data on an Amazon S3 bucket

B. The validation channel identifying the location of validation data on an Amazon S3 bucket

C. The IAM role that Amazon SageMaker can assume to perform tasks on behalf of the users

D. Hyperparameters in a JSON array as documented for the algorithm used

E. The Amazon EC2 instance class specifying whether training will be run using CPU or GPU

F. The output path specifying where on an Amazon S3 bucket the trained model will persist

View answer

Correct Answer: AEF

Question #19

A Marketing Manager at a pet insurance company plans to launch a targeted marketing campaign on social media to acquire new customers. Currently, the company has the following data in Amazon Aurora:•Profiles for all past and existing customers•Profiles for all past and existing insured pets•Policy-level information•Premiums received•Claims paidWhat steps should be taken to implement a machine learning model to identify potential new customers on social media?

A. Use regression on customer profile data to understand key characteristics of consumer segments

B. Use clustering on customer profile data to understand key characteristics of consumer segments

C. Use a recommendation engine on customer profile data to understand key characteristics of consumer segments

D. Use a decision tree classifier engine on customer profile data to understand key characteristics of consumer segments

View answer

Correct Answer: C

Question #20

A company is setting up an Amazon SageMaker environment. The corporate data security policy does not allow communication over the internet.How can the company enable the Amazon SageMaker service without enabling direct internet access to Amazon SageMaker notebook instances?

A. Create a NAT gateway within the corporate VPC

B. Route Amazon SageMaker traffic through an on-premises network

C. Create Amazon SageMaker VPC interface endpoints within the corporate VP

D. Create VPC peering with Amazon VPC hosting Amazon SageMaker

View answer

Correct Answer: C

Question #21

An office security agency conducted a successful pilot using 100 cameras installed at key locations within the main office. Images from the cameras were uploaded to Amazon S3 and tagged using Amazon Rekognition, and the results were stored in Amazon ES. The agency is now looking to expand the pilot into a full production system using thousands of video cameras in its office locations globally. The goal is to identify activities performed by non-employees in real timeWhich solution should the agency consider?

A. Use a proxy server at each local office and for each camera, and stream the RTSP feed to a unique Amazon Kinesis Video Streams video stream

B. Use a proxy server at each local office and for each camera, and stream the RTSP feed to a unique Amazon Kinesis Video Streams video stream

C. Install AWS DeepLens cameras and use the DeepLens_Kinesis_Video module to stream video to Amazon Kinesis Video Streams for each camera

D. Install AWS DeepLens cameras and use the DeepLens_Kinesis_Video module to stream video to Amazon Kinesis Video Streams for each camera

View answer

Correct Answer: A

Question #22

A Machine Learning Specialist kicks off a hyperparameter tuning job for a tree-based ensemble model using Amazon SageMaker with Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) as the objective metric. This workflow will eventually be deployed in a pipeline that retrains and tunes hyperparameters each night to model click-through on data that goes stale every 24 hours.With the goal of decreasing the amount of time it takes to train these models, and ultimately to decrease costs, the Specialist wants to reconfigure the input hyperparameter range(s).Which visualization will accomplish this?

A. A histogram showing whether the most important input feature is Gaussian

B. A scatter plot with points colored by target variable that uses t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) to visualize the large number of input variables in an easier-to-read dimension

C. A scatter plot showing the performance of the objective metric over each training iteration

D. A scatter plot showing the correlation between maximum tree depth and the objective metric

View answer

Correct Answer: B

Question #23

A Machine Learning Specialist deployed a model that provides product recommendations on a company's website. Initially, the model was performing very well and resulted in customers buying more products on average. However, within the past few months, the Specialist has noticed that the effect of product recommendations has diminished and customers are starting to return to their original habits of spending less. The Specialist is unsure of what happened, as the model has not changed from its initial deployment over a year ago.Which method should the Specialist try to improve model performance?

A. he model needs to be completely re-engineered because it is unable to handle product inventory changes

B. he model's hyperparameters should be periodically updated to prevent drift

C. he model should be periodically retrained from scratch using the original data while adding a regularization term to handle product inventory changes

D. he model should be periodically retrained using the original training data plus new data as product inventory changes

View answer

Correct Answer: D

Question #24

A company is observing low accuracy while training on the default built-in image classification algorithm in Amazon SageMaker. The Data Science team wants to use an Inception neural network architecture instead of a ResNet architecture.Which of the following will accomplish this? (Choose two.)

A. Customize the built-in image classification algorithm to use Inception and use this for model training

B. Create a support case with the SageMaker team to change the default image classification algorithm to Inception

C. Bundle a Docker container with TensorFlow Estimator loaded with an Inception network and use this for model training

D. Use custom code in Amazon SageMaker with TensorFlow Estimator to load the model with an Inception network, and use this for model training

E. Download and apt-get install the inception network code into an Amazon EC2 instance and use this instance as a Jupyter notebook in Amazon SageMaker

View answer

Correct Answer: CD

Question #25

A company is observing low accuracy while training on the default built-in image classification algorithm in Amazon SageMaker. The Data Science team wants to use an Inception neural network architecture instead of a ResNet architecture.Which of the following will accomplish this? (Choose two.)

A. ustomize the built-in image classification algorithm to use Inception and use this for model training

B. reate a support case with the SageMaker team to change the default image classification algorithm to Inception

C. undle a Docker container with TensorFlow Estimator loaded with an Inception network and use this for model training

D. se custom code in Amazon SageMaker with TensorFlow Estimator to load the model with an Inception network, and use this for model training

E. ownload and apt-get install the inception network code into an Amazon EC2 instance and use this instance as a Jupyter notebook in Amazon SageMaker

View answer

Correct Answer: CD

Question #26

An office security agency conducted a successful pilot using 100 cameras installed at key locations within the main office. Images from the cameras were uploaded to Amazon S3 and tagged using Amazon Rekognition, and the results were stored in Amazon ES. The agency is now looking to expand the pilot into a full production system using thousands of video cameras in its office locations globally. The goal is to identify activities performed by non-employees in real timeWhich solution should the agency consider?

A. Use a proxy server at each local office and for each camera, and stream the RTSP feed to a unique Amazon Kinesis Video Streams video stream

B. Use a proxy server at each local office and for each camera, and stream the RTSP feed to a unique Amazon Kinesis Video Streams video stream

C. Install AWS DeepLens cameras and use the DeepLens_Kinesis_Video module to stream video to Amazon Kinesis Video Streams for each camera

D. Install AWS DeepLens cameras and use the DeepLens_Kinesis_Video module to stream video to Amazon Kinesis Video Streams for each camera

View answer

Correct Answer: A

Question #27

An office security agency conducted a successful pilot using 100 cameras installed at key locations within the main office. Images from the cameras were uploaded to Amazon S3 and tagged using Amazon Rekognition, and the results were stored in Amazon ES. The agency is now looking to expand the pilot into a full production system using thousands of video cameras in its office locations globally. The goal is to identify activities performed by non-employees in real timeWhich solution should the agency consider?

A. Use a proxy server at each local office and for each camera, and stream the RTSP feed to a unique Amazon Kinesis Video Streams video stream

B. Use a proxy server at each local office and for each camera, and stream the RTSP feed to a unique Amazon Kinesis Video Streams video stream

C. Install AWS DeepLens cameras and use the DeepLens_Kinesis_Video module to stream video to Amazon Kinesis Video Streams for each camera

D. Install AWS DeepLens cameras and use the DeepLens_Kinesis_Video module to stream video to Amazon Kinesis Video Streams for each camera

View answer

Correct Answer: A

Question #28

A Machine Learning Specialist is designing a system for improving sales for a company. The objective is to use the large amount of information the company has on users’ behavior and product preferences to predict which products users would like based on the users’ similarity to other users.What should the Specialist do to meet this objective?

A. Build a content-based filtering recommendation engine with Apache Spark ML on Amazon EMR

B. Build a collaborative filtering recommendation engine with Apache Spark ML on Amazon EMR

C. Build a model-based filtering recommendation engine with Apache Spark ML on Amazon EMR

D. Build a combinative filtering recommendation engine with Apache Spark ML on Amazon EMR

View answer

Correct Answer: B

Question #29

During mini-batch training of a neural network for a classification problem, a Data Scientist notices that training accuracy oscillates.What is the MOST likely cause of this issue?

A. The class distribution in the dataset is imbalanced

B. Dataset shuffling is disabled

C. The batch size is too big

D. The learning rate is very high

View answer

Correct Answer: D

Question #30

A Machine Learning Specialist is training a model to identify the make and model of vehicles in images. The Specialist wants to use transfer learning and an existing model trained on images of general objects. The Specialist collated a large custom dataset of pictures containing different vehicle makes and models.What should the Specialist do to initialize the model to re-train it with the custom data?

A. Initialize the model with random weights in all layers including the last fully connected layer

B. Initialize the model with pre-trained weights in all layers and replace the last fully connected layer

C. Initialize the model with random weights in all layers and replace the last fully connected layer

D. Initialize the model with pre-trained weights in all layers including the last fully connected layer

View answer

Correct Answer: B

Question #31

An employee found a video clip with audio on a company's social media feed. The language used in the video is Spanish. English is the employee's first language, and they do not understand Spanish. The employee wants to do a sentiment analysis.What combination of services is the MOST efficient to accomplish the task?

A. Amazon Transcribe, Amazon Translate, and Amazon Comprehend

B. Amazon Transcribe, Amazon Comprehend, and Amazon SageMaker seq2seq

C. Amazon Transcribe, Amazon Translate, and Amazon SageMaker Neural Topic Model (NTM)

D. Amazon Transcribe, Amazon Translate and Amazon SageMaker BlazingText

View answer

Correct Answer: A

Question #32

A company is building a predictive maintenance model based on machine learning (ML). The data is stored in a fully private Amazon S3 bucket that is encrypted at rest with AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) CMKs. An ML specialist must run data preprocessing by using an Amazon SageMaker Processing job that is triggered from code in an Amazon SageMaker notebook. The job should read data from Amazon S3, process it, and upload it back to the same S3 bucket. The preprocessing code is stored in a container image in Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR). The ML specialist needs to grant permissions to ensure a smooth data preprocessing workflow.

A. Create an IAM role that has permissions to create Amazon SageMaker Processing jobs, S3 read and write access to the relevant S3 bucket, and appropriate KMS and ECR permissions

B. Create an IAM role that has permissions to create Amazon SageMaker Processing jobs

C. Create an IAM role that has permissions to create Amazon SageMaker Processing jobs and to access Amazon ECR

D. Create an IAM role that has permissions to create Amazon SageMaker Processing jobs

View answer

Correct Answer: A

Question #33

A large mobile network operating company is building a machine learning model to predict customers who are likely to unsubscribe from the service. The companyplans to offer an incentive for these customers as the cost of churn is far greater than the cost of the incentive.The model produces the following confusion matrix after evaluating on a test dataset of 100 customers:Based on the model evaluation results, why is this a viable model for production?

A. The model is 86% accurate and the cost incurred by the company as a result of false negatives is less than the false positives

B. The precision of the model is 86%, which is less than the accuracy of the model

C. The model is 86% accurate and the cost incurred by the company as a result of false positives is less than the false negatives

D. The precision of the model is 86%, which is greater than the accuracy of the model

View answer

Correct Answer: C

Question #34

A Machine Learning Specialist is training a model to identify the make and model of vehicles in images. The Specialist wants to use transfer learning and an existing model trained on images of general objects. The Specialist collated a large custom dataset of pictures containing different vehicle makes and models.What should the Specialist do to initialize the model to re-train it with the custom data?

A. Initialize the model with random weights in all layers including the last fully connected layer

B. Initialize the model with pre-trained weights in all layers and replace the last fully connected layer

C. Initialize the model with random weights in all layers and replace the last fully connected layer

D. Initialize the model with pre-trained weights in all layers including the last fully connected layer

View answer

Correct Answer: B

Question #35

[Modeling] A Machine Learning Specialist is working with a large cybersecurily company that manages security events in real time for companies around the world The cybersecurity company wants to design a solution that will allow it to use machine learning to score malicious events as anomalies on the data as it is being ingested The company also wants be able to save the results in its data lake for later processing and analysis What is the MOST efficient way to accomplish these tasks'?

A. Ingest the data using Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose, and use Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics Random Cut Forest (RCF) for anomaly detection Then use Kinesis Data Firehose to stream the results to Amazon S3

B. Ingest the data into Apache Spark Streaming using Amazon EMR

C. Ingest the data and store it in Amazon S3 Use AWS Batch along with the AWS Deep Learning AMIs to train a k-means model using TensorFlow on the data in Amazon S3

D. Ingest the data and store it in Amazon S3

View answer

Correct Answer: A

Question #36

An online reseller has a large, multi-column dataset with one column missing 30% of its data. A Machine Learning Specialist believes that certain columns in the dataset could be used to reconstruct the missing data.Which reconstruction approach should the Specialist use to preserve the integrity of the dataset?

A. Listwise deletion

B. Last observation carried forward

C. Multiple imputation

D. Mean substitution

View answer

Correct Answer: C

Question #37

Acybersecurity company is collecting on-premises server logs, mobile app logs, and loT sensor data. The company backs up the ingested data in an Amazon S3 bucket and sends the ingested data to Amazon OpenSearch Service for further analysis. Currently, the company has a custom ingestion pipeline that is running on Amazon EC2 instances. The company needs to implement a new serverless ingestion pipeline that can automatically scale to handle sudden changes in the data flow.Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

A. Create two Amazon Data Firehose delivery streams to send data to the S3 bucket and OpenSearch Service

B. Create one Amazon Kinesis data stream

C. Create one Amazon Data Firehose delivery stream to send data to OpenSearch Service

D. Create one Amazon Kinesis data stream

View answer

Correct Answer: B

Question #38

An online reseller has a large, multi-column dataset with one column missing 30% of its data. A Machine Learning Specialist believes that certain columns in the dataset could be used to reconstruct the missing data.Which reconstruction approach should the Specialist use to preserve the integrity of the dataset?

A. Listwise deletion

B. Last observation carried forward

C. Multiple imputation

D. Mean substitution

View answer

Correct Answer: C

Question #39

A company is building a predictive maintenance model for its warehouse equipment. The model must predict the probability of failure of all machines in the warehouse. The company has collected 10.000 event samples within 3 months. The event samples include 100 failure cases that are evenly distributed across 50 different machine types.How should the company prepare the data for the model to improve the model's accuracy?

A. Adjust the class weight to account for each machine type

B. Oversample the failure cases by using the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE)

C. Undersample the non-failure events

D. Undersample the non-failure events by using the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE)

View answer

Correct Answer: B

Question #40

A Machine Learning Specialist is building a convolutional neural network (CNN) that will classify 10 types of animals. The Specialist has built a series of layers in a neural network that will take an input image of an animal, pass it through a series of convolutional and pooling layers, and then finally pass it through a dense and fully connected layer with 10 nodes. The Specialist would like to get an output from the neural network that is a probability distribution of how likely it is that the input image belongs to each of the 10 classes.Which function will produce the desired output?

A. Dropout

B. Smooth L1 loss

C. Softmax

D. Rectified linear units (ReLU)

View answer

Correct Answer: C

Question #41

A company is setting up an Amazon SageMaker environment. The corporate data security policy does not allow communication over the internet.How can the company enable the Amazon SageMaker service without enabling direct internet access to Amazon SageMaker notebook instances?

A. Create a NAT gateway within the corporate VPC

B. Route Amazon SageMaker traffic through an on-premises network

C. Create Amazon SageMaker VPC interface endpoints within the corporate VP

D. Create VPC peering with Amazon VPC hosting Amazon SageMaker

View answer

Correct Answer: C

Question #42

A city wants to monitor its air quality to address the consequences of air pollution. A Machine Learning Specialist needs to forecast the air quality in parts per million of contaminates for the next 2 days in the city. As this is a prototype, only daily data from the last year is available.Which model is MOST likely to provide the best results in Amazon SageMaker?

A. Use the Amazon SageMaker k-Nearest-Neighbors (kNN) algorithm on the single time series consisting of the full year of data with a predictor_type of regressor

B. Use Amazon SageMaker Random Cut Forest (RCF) on the single time series consisting of the full year of data

C. Use the Amazon SageMaker Linear Learner algorithm on the single time series consisting of the full year of data with a predictor_type of regressor

D. Use the Amazon SageMaker Linear Learner algorithm on the single time series consisting of the full year of data with a predictor_type of classifier

View answer

Correct Answer: C

Question #43

A company is setting up an Amazon SageMaker environment. The corporate data security policy does not allow communication over the internet.How can the company enable the Amazon SageMaker service without enabling direct internet access to Amazon SageMaker notebook instances?

A. Create a NAT gateway within the corporate VPC

B. Route Amazon SageMaker traffic through an on-premises network

C. Create Amazon SageMaker VPC interface endpoints within the corporate VP

D. Create VPC peering with Amazon VPC hosting Amazon SageMaker

View answer

Correct Answer: C

Question #44

A Machine Learning team uses Amazon SageMaker to train an Apache MXNet handwritten digit classifier model using a research dataset. The team wants to receive a notification when the model is overfitting. Auditors want to view the Amazon SageMaker log activity report to ensure there are no unauthorized API calls.What should the Machine Learning team do to address the requirements with the least amount of code and fewest steps?

A. mplement an AWS Lambda function to log Amazon SageMaker API calls to Amazon S3

B. se AWS CloudTrail to log Amazon SageMaker API calls to Amazon S3

C. mplement an AWS Lambda function to log Amazon SageMaker API calls to AWS CloudTrail

D. se AWS CloudTrail to log Amazon SageMaker API calls to Amazon S3

View answer

Correct Answer: B

Question #45

An insurance company is developing a new device for vehicles that uses a camera to observe drivers’ behavior and alert them when they appear distracted. The company created approximately 10,000 training images in a controlled environment that a Machine Learning Specialist will use to train and evaluate machine learning models.During the model evaluation, the Specialist notices that the training error rate diminishes faster as the number of epochs increases and the model is not accurately inferring on the unseen test images.Which of the following should be used to resolve this issue? (Choose two.)

A. Add vanishing gradient to the model

B. Perform data augmentation on the training data

C. Make the neural network architecture complex

D. Use gradient checking in the model

E. Add L2 regularization to the model

View answer

Correct Answer: BE

Question #46

The displayed graph is from a forecasting model for testing a time series.Considering the graph only, which conclusion should a Machine Learning Specialist make about the behavior of the model?

A. The model predicts both the trend and the seasonality well

B. The model predicts the trend well, but not the seasonality

C. The model predicts the seasonality well, but not the trend

D. The model does not predict the trend or the seasonality well

View answer

Correct Answer: A

Question #47

An office security agency conducted a successful pilot using 100 cameras installed at key locations within the main office. Images from the cameras were uploaded to Amazon S3 and tagged using Amazon Rekognition, and the results were stored in Amazon ES. The agency is now looking to expand the pilot into a full production system using thousands of video cameras in its office locations globally. The goal is to identify activities performed by non-employees in real timeWhich solution should the agency consider?

A. Use a proxy server at each local office and for each camera, and stream the RTSP feed to a unique Amazon Kinesis Video Streams video stream

B. Use a proxy server at each local office and for each camera, and stream the RTSP feed to a unique Amazon Kinesis Video Streams video stream

C. Install AWS DeepLens cameras and use the DeepLens_Kinesis_Video module to stream video to Amazon Kinesis Video Streams for each camera

D. Install AWS DeepLens cameras and use the DeepLens_Kinesis_Video module to stream video to Amazon Kinesis Video Streams for each camera

View answer

Correct Answer: A

Question #48

A Machine Learning Specialist is training a model to identify the make and model of vehicles in images. The Specialist wants to use transfer learning and an existing model trained on images of general objects. The Specialist collated a large custom dataset of pictures containing different vehicle makes and models.What should the Specialist do to initialize the model to re-train it with the custom data?

A. Initialize the model with random weights in all layers including the last fully connected layer

B. Initialize the model with pre-trained weights in all layers and replace the last fully connected layer

C. Initialize the model with random weights in all layers and replace the last fully connected layer

D. Initialize the model with pre-trained weights in all layers including the last fully connected layer

View answer

Correct Answer: B

Question #49

An online reseller has a large, multi-column dataset with one column missing 30% of its data. A Machine Learning Specialist believes that certain columns in the dataset could be used to reconstruct the missing data.Which reconstruction approach should the Specialist use to preserve the integrity of the dataset?

A. Listwise deletion

B. Last observation carried forward

C. Multiple imputation

D. Mean substitution

View answer

Correct Answer: C

Question #50

A Data Scientist is developing a machine learning model to predict future patient outcomes based on information collected about each patient and their treatment plans. The model should output a continuous value as its prediction. The data available includes labeled outcomes for a set of 4,000 patients. The study was conducted on a group of individuals over the age of 65 who have a particular disease that is known to worsen with age.Initial models have performed poorly.While reviewing the underlying data, the Data Scientist notices that, out of 4,000 patient observations, there are 450 where the patient age has been input as 0. The other features for these observations appear normal compared to the rest of the sample populationHow should the Data Scientist correct this issue?

A. Drop all records from the dataset where age has been set to 0

B. Replace the age field value for records with a value of 0 with the mean or median value from the dataset

C. Drop the age feature from the dataset and train the model using the rest of the features

D. Use k-means clustering to handle missing features

View answer

Correct Answer: D

Question #51

A large mobile network operating company is building a machine learning model to predict customers who are likely to unsubscribe from the service. The company plans to offer an incentive for these customers as the cost of churn is far greater than the cost of the incentive.The model produces the following confusion matrix after evaluating on a test dataset of 100 customers:Based on the model evaluation results, why is this a viable model for production?

A. The model is 86% accurate and the cost incurred by the company as a result of false negatives is less than the false positives

B. The precision of the model is 86%, which is less than the accuracy of the model

C. The model is 86% accurate and the cost incurred by the company as a result of false positives is less than the false negatives

D. The precision of the model is 86%, which is greater than the accuracy of the model

View answer

Correct Answer: A

Question #52

A Marketing Manager at a pet insurance company plans to launch a targeted marketing campaign on social media to acquire new customers. Currently, the company has the following data in Amazon Aurora:•Profiles for all past and existing customers•Profiles for all past and existing insured pets•Policy-level information•Premiums received•Claims paidWhat steps should be taken to implement a machine learning model to identify potential new customers on social media?

A. Use regression on customer profile data to understand key characteristics of consumer segments

B. Use clustering on customer profile data to understand key characteristics of consumer segments

C. Use a recommendation engine on customer profile data to understand key characteristics of consumer segments

D. Use a decision tree classifier engine on customer profile data to understand key characteristics of consumer segments

View answer

Correct Answer: C

Question #53

A Machine Learning Specialist receives customer data for an online shopping website. The data includes demographics, past visits, and locality information. The Specialist must develop a machine learning approach to identify the customer shopping patterns, preferences, and trends to enhance the website for better service and smart recommendations.Which solution should the Specialist recommend?

A. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) for the given collection of discrete data to identify patterns in the customer database

B. A neural network with a minimum of three layers and random initial weights to identify patterns in the customer database

C. Collaborative filtering based on user interactions and correlations to identify patterns in the customer database

D. Random Cut Forest (RCF) over random subsamples to identify patterns in the customer database

View answer

Correct Answer: C

Question #54

A Machine Learning Specialist deployed a model that provides product recommendations on a company's website. Initially, the model was performing very well and resulted in customers buying more products on average. However, within the past few months, the Specialist has noticed that the effect of product recommendations has diminished and customers are starting to return to their original habits of spending less. The Specialist is unsure of what happened, as the model has not changed from its initial deployment over a year ago.Which method should the Specialist try to improve model performance?

A. The model needs to be completely re-engineered because it is unable to handle product inventory changes

B. The model's hyperparameters should be periodically updated to prevent drift

C. The model should be periodically retrained from scratch using the original data while adding a regularization term to handle product inventory changes

D. The model should be periodically retrained using the original training data plus new data as product inventory changes

View answer

Correct Answer: D

Question #55

An office security agency conducted a successful pilot using 100 cameras installed at key locations within the main office. Images from the cameras were uploaded to Amazon S3 and tagged using Amazon Rekognition, and the results were stored in Amazon ES. The agency is now looking to expand the pilot into a full production system using thousands of video cameras in its office locations globally. The goal is to identify activities performed by non-employees in real timeWhich solution should the agency consider?

A. Use a proxy server at each local office and for each camera, and stream the RTSP feed to a unique Amazon Kinesis Video Streams video stream

B. Use a proxy server at each local office and for each camera, and stream the RTSP feed to a unique Amazon Kinesis Video Streams video stream

C. Install AWS DeepLens cameras and use the DeepLens_Kinesis_Video module to stream video to Amazon Kinesis Video Streams for each camera

D. Install AWS DeepLens cameras and use the DeepLens_Kinesis_Video module to stream video to Amazon Kinesis Video Streams for each camera

View answer

Correct Answer: A

Question #56

Machine Learning Specialist is working with a media company to perform classification on popular articles from the company's website. The company is using random forests to classify how popular an article will be before it is published. A sample of the data being used is below.Given the dataset, the Specialist wants to convert the Day_Of_Week column to binary values.What technique should be used to convert this column to binary values?

A. inarization

B. ne-hot encoding

C. okenization

D. ormalization transformation

View answer

Correct Answer: B

Question #57

A Machine Learning team uses Amazon SageMaker to train an Apache MXNet handwritten digit classifier model using a research dataset. The team wants to receive a notification when the model is overfitting. Auditors want to view the Amazon SageMaker log activity report to ensure there are no unauthorized API calls.What should the Machine Learning team do to address the requirements with the least amount of code and fewest steps?

A. Implement an AWS Lambda function to log Amazon SageMaker API calls to Amazon S3

B. Use AWS CloudTrail to log Amazon SageMaker API calls to Amazon S3

C. Implement an AWS Lambda function to log Amazon SageMaker API calls to AWS CloudTrail

D. Use AWS CloudTrail to log Amazon SageMaker API calls to Amazon S3

View answer

Correct Answer: B

Question #58

A Machine Learning Specialist is training a model to identify the make and model of vehicles in images. The Specialist wants to use transfer learning and an existing model trained on images of general objects. The Specialist collated a large custom dataset of pictures containing different vehicle makes and models.What should the Specialist do to initialize the model to re-train it with the custom data?

A. Initialize the model with random weights in all layers including the last fully connected layer

B. Initialize the model with pre-trained weights in all layers and replace the last fully connected layer

C. Initialize the model with random weights in all layers and replace the last fully connected layer

D. Initialize the model with pre-trained weights in all layers including the last fully connected layer

View answer

Correct Answer: B

Question #59

An ecommerce company has observed that customers who use the company's website rarely view items that the website recommends to customers. The company wants to recommend items to customers that customers are more likely to want to purchase.Which solution will meet this requirement in the SHORTEST amount of time?

A. Host the company's website on Amazon EC2 Accelerated Computing instances to increase the website response speed

B. Host the company's website on Amazon EC2 GPU-based instances to increase the speed of the website's search tool

C. Integrate Amazon Personalize into the company's website to provide customers with personalized recommendations

D. Use Amazon SageMaker to train a Neural Collaborative Filtering (NCF) model to make product recommendations

View answer

Correct Answer: C

Question #60

A company is setting up an Amazon SageMaker environment. The corporate data security policy does not allow communication over the internet.How can the company enable the Amazon SageMaker service without enabling direct internet access to Amazon SageMaker notebook instances?

A. Create a NAT gateway within the corporate VPC

B. Route Amazon SageMaker traffic through an on-premises network

C. Create Amazon SageMaker VPC interface endpoints within the corporate VP

D. Create VPC peering with Amazon VPC hosting Amazon SageMaker

View answer

Correct Answer: C

Question #61

[Modeling]A beauty supply store wants to understand some characteristics of visitors to the store. The store has security video recordings from the past several years. The store wants to generate a report of hourly visitors from the recordings. The report should group visitors by hair style and hair color.Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST amount of effort?

A. Use an object detection algorithm to identify a visitor's hair in video frames

B. Use an object detection algorithm to identify a visitor's hair in video frames

C. Use a semantic segmentation algorithm to identify a visitor's hair in video frames

D. Use a semantic segmentation algorithm to identify a visitor's hair in video frames

View answer

Correct Answer: C

Question #62

A Machine Learning Specialist is training a model to identify the make and model of vehicles in images. The Specialist wants to use transfer learning and an existing model trained on images of general objects. The Specialist collated a large custom dataset of pictures containing different vehicle makes and models.What should the Specialist do to initialize the model to re-train it with the custom data?

A. Initialize the model with random weights in all layers including the last fully connected layer

B. Initialize the model with pre-trained weights in all layers and replace the last fully connected layer

C. Initialize the model with random weights in all layers and replace the last fully connected layer

D. Initialize the model with pre-trained weights in all layers including the last fully connected layer

View answer

Correct Answer: B

Question #63

A Machine Learning Specialist is training a model to identify the make and model of vehicles in images. The Specialist wants to use transfer learning and an existing model trained on images of general objects. The Specialist collated a large custom dataset of pictures containing different vehicle makes and models.What should the Specialist do to initialize the model to re-train it with the custom data?

A. Initialize the model with random weights in all layers including the last fully connected layer

B. Initialize the model with pre-trained weights in all layers and replace the last fully connected layer

C. Initialize the model with random weights in all layers and replace the last fully connected layer

D. Initialize the model with pre-trained weights in all layers including the last fully connected layer

View answer

Correct Answer: B

Question #64

A Data Scientist is developing a machine learning model to predict future patient outcomes based on information collected about each patient and their treatment plans. The model should output a continuous value as its prediction. The data available includes labeled outcomes for a set of 4,000 patients. The study was conducted on a group of individuals over the age of 65 who have a particular disease that is known to worsen with age.Initial models have performed poorly.While reviewing the underlying data, the Data Scientist notices that, out of 4,000 patient observations, there are 450 where the patient age has been input as 0. The other features for these observations appear normal compared to the rest of the sample populationHow should the Data Scientist correct this issue?

A. Drop all records from the dataset where age has been set to 0

B. Replace the age field value for records with a value of 0 with the mean or median value from the dataset

C. Drop the age feature from the dataset and train the model using the rest of the features

D. Use k-means clustering to handle missing features

View answer

Correct Answer: D

Question #65

An e-commerce company needs a customized training model to classify images of its shirts and pants products The company needs a proof of concept in 2 to 3 days with good accuracy Which compute choice should the Machine Learning Specialist select to train and achieve good accuracy on the model quickly?

A. 5

B. 3

C. 5 4xlarge (general purpose)

D. 3 8xlarge (GPU accelerated computing)

View answer

Correct Answer: B

Question #66

A company is setting up an Amazon SageMaker environment. The corporate data security policy does not allow communication over the internet.How can the company enable the Amazon SageMaker service without enabling direct internet access to Amazon SageMaker notebook instances?

A. Create a NAT gateway within the corporate VPC

B. Route Amazon SageMaker traffic through an on-premises network

C. Create Amazon SageMaker VPC interface endpoints within the corporate VP

D. Create VPC peering with Amazon VPC hosting Amazon SageMaker

View answer

Correct Answer: C

Question #67

A Machine Learning Specialist is building a model that will perform time series forecasting using Amazon SageMaker. The Specialist has finished training the model and is now planning to perform load testing on the endpoint so they can configure Auto Scaling for the model variant.Which approach will allow the Specialist to review the latency, memory utilization, and CPU utilization during the load test?

A. Review SageMaker logs that have been written to Amazon S3 by leveraging Amazon Athena and Amazon QuickSight to visualize logs as they are being produced

B. Generate an Amazon CloudWatch dashboard to create a single view for the latency, memory utilization, and CPU utilization metrics that are outputted by Amazon SageMaker

C. Build custom Amazon CloudWatch Logs and then leverage Amazon ES and Kibana to query and visualize the log data as it is generated by Amazon SageMaker

D. Send Amazon CloudWatch Logs that were generated by Amazon SageMaker to Amazon ES and use Kibana to query and visualize the log data

View answer

Correct Answer: B

Question #68

An Machine Learning Specialist discover the following statistics while experimenting on a model.

A. The model In Experiment 1 had a high variance error lhat was reduced in Experiment 3 by regularization Experiment 2 shows that there is minimal bias error in Experiment 1

B. The model in Experiment 1 had a high bias error that was reduced in Experiment 3 by regularization Experiment 2 shows that there is minimal variance error in Experiment 1

C. The model in Experiment 1 had a high bias error and a high variance error that were reduced in Experiment 3 by regularization Experiment 2 shows thai high bias cannot be reduced by increasing layers and neurons in the model

D. The model in Experiment 1 had a high random noise error that was reduced in Expenment 3 by regularization Expenment 2 shows that random noise cannot be reduced by increasing layers and neurons in the model

View answer

Correct Answer: C

Question #69

Machine Learning Specialist is working with a media company to perform classification on popular articles from the company's website. The company is using random forests to classify how popular an article will be before it is published. A sample of the data being used is below.Given the dataset, the Specialist wants to convert the Day_Of_Week column to binary values.What technique should be used to convert this column to binary values?

A. Binarization

B. One-hot encoding

C. Tokenization

D. Normalization transformation

View answer

Correct Answer: B

Question #70

A company wants to classify user behavior as either fraudulent or normal. Based on internal research, a Machine Learning Specialist would like to build a binary classifier based on two features: age of account and transaction month. The class distribution for these features is illustrated in the figure provided.Based on this information, which model would have the HIGHEST recall with respect to the fraudulent class?

A. Decision tree

B. Linear support vector machine (SVM)

C. Naive Bayesian classifier

D. Single Perceptron with sigmoidal activation function

View answer

Correct Answer: C

Question #71

[Data Engineering]Acybersecurity company is collecting on-premises server logs, mobile app logs, and loT sensor data. The company backs up the ingested data in an Amazon S3 bucket and sends the ingested data to Amazon OpenSearch Service for further analysis. Currently, the company has a custom ingestion pipeline that is running on Amazon EC2 instances. The company needs to implement a new serverless ingestion pipeline that can automatically scale to handle sudden changes in the data flow.Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

A. Create two Amazon Data Firehose delivery streams to send data to the S3 bucket and OpenSearch Service

B. Create one Amazon Kinesis data stream

C. Create one Amazon Data Firehose delivery stream to send data to OpenSearch Service

D. Create one Amazon Kinesis data stream

View answer

Correct Answer: B

Question #72

A Machine Learning Specialist has completed a proof of concept for a company using a small data sample, and now the Specialist is ready to implement an end-to-end solution in AWS using Amazon SageMaker. The historical training data is stored in Amazon RDS.Which approach should the Specialist use for training a model using that data?

A. Write a direct connection to the SQL database within the notebook and pull data in

B. Push the data from Microsoft SQL Server to Amazon S3 using an AWS Data Pipeline and provide the S3 location within the notebook

C. Move the data to Amazon DynamoDB and set up a connection to DynamoDB within the notebook to pull data in

D. Move the data to Amazon ElastiCache using AWS DMS and set up a connection within the notebook to pull data in for fast access

View answer

Correct Answer: B

Question #73

A Machine Learning Specialist is implementing a full Bayesian network on a dataset that describes public transit in New York City. One of the random variables is discrete, and represents the number of minutes New Yorkers wait for a bus given that the buses cycle every 10 minutes, with a mean of 3 minutes.Which prior probability distribution should the ML Specialist use for this variable?

A. Poisson distribution

B. Uniform distribution

C. Normal distribution

D. Binomial distribution

View answer

Correct Answer: A

Question #74

An online reseller has a large, multi-column dataset with one column missing 30% of its data. A Machine Learning Specialist believes that certain columns in the dataset could be used to reconstruct the missing data.Which reconstruction approach should the Specialist use to preserve the integrity of the dataset?

A. Listwise deletion

B. Last observation carried forward

C. Multiple imputation

D. Mean substitution

View answer

Correct Answer: C

Question #75

A Marketing Manager at a pet insurance company plans to launch a targeted marketing campaign on social media to acquire new customers. Currently, the company has the following data in Amazon Aurora:•Profiles for all past and existing customers•Profiles for all past and existing insured pets•Policy-level information•Premiums received•Claims paidWhat steps should be taken to implement a machine learning model to identify potential new customers on social media?

A. Use regression on customer profile data to understand key characteristics of consumer segments

B. Use clustering on customer profile data to understand key characteristics of consumer segments

C. Use a recommendation engine on customer profile data to understand key characteristics of consumer segments

D. Use a decision tree classifier engine on customer profile data to understand key characteristics of consumer segments

View answer

Correct Answer: C

Question #76

During mini-batch training of a neural network for a classification problem, a Data Scientist notices that training accuracy oscillates.What is the MOST likely cause of this issue?

A. The class distribution in the dataset is imbalanced

B. Dataset shuffling is disabled

C. The batch size is too big

D. The learning rate is very high

View answer

Correct Answer: D

Question #77

A data scientist uses Amazon SageMaker Data Wrangler to analyze and visualize data. The data scientist wants to refine a training dataset by selecting predictor variables that are strongly predictive of the target variable. The target variable correlates with other predictor variables.The data scientist wants to understand the variance in the data along various directions in the feature space.Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. Use the SageMaker Data Wrangler multicollinearity measurement features with a variance inflation factor (VIF) score

B. Use the SageMaker Data Wrangler Data Quality and Insights Report quick model visualization to estimate the expected quality of a model that is trained on the data

C. Use the SageMaker Data Wrangler multicollinearity measurement features with the principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm to provide a feature space that includes all of the predictor variables

D. Use the SageMaker Data Wrangler Data Quality and Insights Report feature to review features by their predictive power

View answer

Correct Answer: C

Question #78

A monitoring service generates 1 TB of scale metrics record data every minute. A Research team performs queries on this data using Amazon Athena. The queries run slowly due to the large volume of data, and the team requires better performance.How should the records be stored in Amazon S3 to improve query performance?

A. SV files

B. arquet files

C. ompressed JSON

D. ecordIO

View answer

Correct Answer: B

Question #79

A company wants to classify user behavior as either fraudulent or normal. Based on internal research, a Machine Learning Specialist would like to build a binary classifier based on two features: age of account and transaction month. The class distribution for these features is illustrated in the figure provided.Based on this information, which model would have the HIGHEST accuracy?

A. Long short-term memory (LSTM) model with scaled exponential linear unit (SELU)

B. Logistic regression

C. Support vector machine (SVM) with non-linear kernel

D. Single perceptron with tanh activation function

View answer

Correct Answer: C

Question #80

A Machine Learning Specialist receives customer data for an online shopping website. The data includes demographics, past visits, and locality information. The Specialist must develop a machine learning approach to identify the customer shopping patterns, preferences, and trends to enhance the website for better service and smart recommendations.Which solution should the Specialist recommend?

A. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) for the given collection of discrete data to identify patterns in the customer database

B. A neural network with a minimum of three layers and random initial weights to identify patterns in the customer database

C. Collaborative filtering based on user interactions and correlations to identify patterns in the customer database

D. Random Cut Forest (RCF) over random subsamples to identify patterns in the customer database

View answer

Correct Answer: C

Question #81

A Marketing Manager at a pet insurance company plans to launch a targeted marketing campaign on social media to acquire new customers. Currently, the company has the following data in Amazon Aurora:•Profiles for all past and existing customers•Profiles for all past and existing insured pets•Policy-level information•Premiums received•Claims paidWhat steps should be taken to implement a machine learning model to identify potential new customers on social media?

A. Use regression on customer profile data to understand key characteristics of consumer segments

B. Use clustering on customer profile data to understand key characteristics of consumer segments

C. Use a recommendation engine on customer profile data to understand key characteristics of consumer segments

D. Use a decision tree classifier engine on customer profile data to understand key characteristics of consumer segments

View answer

Correct Answer: C

Question #82

A Data Science team within a large company uses Amazon SageMaker notebooks to access data stored in Amazon S3 buckets. The IT Security team is concerned that internet-enabled notebook instances create a security vulnerability where malicious code running on the instances could compromise data privacy. The company mandates that all instances stay within a secured VPC with no internet access, and data communication traffic must stay within the AWS network.How should the Data Science team configure the notebook instance placement to meet these requirements?

A. Associate the Amazon SageMaker notebook with a private subnet in a VPC

B. Associate the Amazon SageMaker notebook with a private subnet in a VPC

C. Associate the Amazon SageMaker notebook with a private subnet in a VP Ensure the VPC has S3 VPC endpoints and Amazon SageMaker VPC endpoints attached to it

D. Associate the Amazon SageMaker notebook with a private subnet in a VPC

View answer

Correct Answer: C

Question #83

A Machine Learning Specialist is packaging a custom ResNet model into a Docker container so the company can leverage Amazon SageMaker for training. The Specialist is using Amazon EC2 P3 instances to train the model and needs to properly configure the Docker container to leverage the NVIDIA GPUs.What does the Specialist need to do?

A. Bundle the NVIDIA drivers with the Docker image

B. Build the Docker container to be NVIDIA-Docker compatible

C. Organize the Docker container's file structure to execute on GPU instances

D. Set the GPU flag in the Amazon SageMaker CreateTrainingJob request body

View answer

Correct Answer: B

Question #84

A company sells thousands of products on a public website and wants to automatically identify products with potential durability problems. The company has 1.000 reviews with date, star rating, review text, review summary, and customer email fields, but many reviews are incomplete and have empty fields. Each review has already been labeled with the correct durability result.

A. Train a custom classifier by using Amazon Comprehend

B. Build a recurrent neural network (RNN) in Amazon SageMaker by using Gluon and Apache MXNet

C. Train a built-in BlazingText model using Word2Vec mode in Amazon SageMaker

D. Use a built-in seq2seq model in Amazon SageMaker

View answer

Correct Answer: A

Question #85

A media company wants to deploy a machine learning (ML) model that uses Amazon SageMaker to recommend new articles to the company's readers. The company's readers are primarily located in a single city.The company notices that the heaviest reader traffic predictably occurs early in the morning, after lunch, and again after work hours. There is very little traffic at other times of day. The media company needs to minimize the time required to deliver recommendations to its readers. The expected amount of data that the API call will return for inference is less than 4 MB.Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST cost-effective way?

A. synchronous inference

B. batch transform task

C. erverless inference with provisioned concurrency

D. eal-time inference with auto scaling

View answer

Correct Answer: C

Question #86

A Machine Learning Specialist is training a model to identify the make and model of vehicles in images. The Specialist wants to use transfer learning and an existing model trained on images of general objects. The Specialist collated a large custom dataset of pictures containing different vehicle makes and models.What should the Specialist do to initialize the model to re-train it with the custom data?

A. Initialize the model with random weights in all layers including the last fully connected layer

B. Initialize the model with pre-trained weights in all layers and replace the last fully connected layer

C. Initialize the model with random weights in all layers and replace the last fully connected layer

D. Initialize the model with pre-trained weights in all layers including the last fully connected layer

View answer

Correct Answer: B

Question #87

A Machine Learning Specialist is training a model to identify the make and model of vehicles in images. The Specialist wants to use transfer learning and an existing model trained on images of general objects. The Specialist collated a large custom dataset of pictures containing different vehicle makes and models.What should the Specialist do to initialize the model to re-train it with the custom data?

A. Initialize the model with random weights in all layers including the last fully connected layer

B. Initialize the model with pre-trained weights in all layers and replace the last fully connected layer

C. Initialize the model with random weights in all layers and replace the last fully connected layer

D. Initialize the model with pre-trained weights in all layers including the last fully connected layer

View answer

Correct Answer: B

Question #88

A city wants to monitor its air quality to address the consequences of air pollution. A Machine Learning Specialist needs to forecast the air quality in parts permillion of contaminates for the next 2 days in the city. As this is a prototype, only daily data from the last year is available.Which model is MOST likely to provide the best results in Amazon SageMaker?

A. Use the Amazon SageMaker k-Nearest-Neighbors (kNN) algorithm on the single time series consisting of the full year of data with a predictor_type of regressor

B. Use Amazon SageMaker Random Cut Forest (RCF) on the single time series consisting of the full year of data

C. Use the Amazon SageMaker Linear Learner algorithm on the single time series consisting of the full year of data with a predictor_type of regressor

D. Use the Amazon SageMaker Linear Learner algorithm on the single time series consisting of the full year of data with a predictor_type of classifier

View answer

Correct Answer: C

Question #89

An insurance company is developing a new device for vehicles that uses a camera to observe drivers’ behavior and alert them when they appear distracted. The company created approximately 10,000 training images in a controlled environment that a Machine Learning Specialist will use to train and evaluate machine learning models.During the model evaluation, the Specialist notices that the training error rate diminishes faster as the number of epochs increases and the model is not accurately inferring on the unseen test images.Which of the following should be used to resolve this issue? (Choose two.)

A. Add vanishing gradient to the model

B. Perform data augmentation on the training data

C. Make the neural network architecture complex

D. Use gradient checking in the model

E. Add L2 regularization to the model

View answer

Correct Answer: BE

Question #90

A Machine Learning Specialist is training a model to identify the make and model of vehicles in images. The Specialist wants to use transfer learning and an existing model trained on images of general objects. The Specialist collated a large custom dataset of pictures containing different vehicle makes and models.What should the Specialist do to initialize the model to re-train it with the custom data?

A. Initialize the model with random weights in all layers including the last fully connected layer

B. Initialize the model with pre-trained weights in all layers and replace the last fully connected layer

C. Initialize the model with random weights in all layers and replace the last fully connected layer

D. Initialize the model with pre-trained weights in all layers including the last fully connected layer

View answer

Correct Answer: B

Question #91

A Machine Learning Specialist is configuring Amazon SageMaker so multiple Data Scientists can access notebooks, train models, and deploy endpoints. To ensure the best operational performance, the Specialist needs to be able to track how often the Scientists are deploying models, GPU and CPU utilization on the deployed SageMaker endpoints, and all errors that are generated when an endpoint is invoked.Which services are integrated with Amazon SageMaker to track this information? (Choose two.)

A. AWS CloudTrail

B. AWS Health

C. AWS Trusted Advisor

D. Amazon CloudWatch

E. AWS Config

View answer

Correct Answer: AD

Question #92

[Modeling]A company builds computer-vision models that use deep learning for the autonomous vehicle industry. A machine learning (ML) specialist uses an Amazon EC2 instance that has a CPU: GPU ratio of 12:1 to train the models.The ML specialist examines the instance metric logs and notices that the GPU is idle half of the time The ML specialist must reduce training costs without increasing the duration of the training jobs.Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. Switch to an instance type that has only CPUs

B. Use a heterogeneous cluster that has two different instances groups

C. Use memory-optimized EC2 Spot Instances for the training jobs

D. Switch to an instance type that has a CPU GPU ratio of 6:1

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Correct Answer: D

Question #93

A company is setting up an Amazon SageMaker environment. The corporate data security policy does not allow communication over the internet.How can the company enable the Amazon SageMaker service without enabling direct internet access to Amazon SageMaker notebook instances?

A. Create a NAT gateway within the corporate VPC

B. Route Amazon SageMaker traffic through an on-premises network

C. Create Amazon SageMaker VPC interface endpoints within the corporate VP

D. Create VPC peering with Amazon VPC hosting Amazon SageMaker

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Correct Answer: C

Question #94

A Mobile Network Operator is building an analytics platform to analyze and optimize a company's operations using Amazon Athena and Amazon S3.The source systems send data in .CSV format in real time. The Data Engineering team wants to transform the data to the Apache Parquet format before storing iton Amazon S3.Which solution takes the LEAST effort to implement?

A. Ingest

B. Ingest

C. Ingest

D. Ingest

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Correct Answer: D

Question #95

[Exploratory Data Analysis] A company uses sensors on devices such as motor engines and factory machines to measure parameters, temperature and pressure. The company wants to use the sensor data to predict equipment malfunctions and reduce services outages. The Machine learning (ML) specialist needs to gather the sensors data to train a model to predict device malfunctions The ML spoctafst must ensure that the data does not contain outliers before training the ..el. What can the ML specialist meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

A. Load the data into an Amazon SagcMaker Studio notebook

B. Use an Amazon SageMaker Data Wrangler bias report to find outliers in the dataset Use a Data Wrangler data flow to remove outliers based on the bias report

C. Use an Amazon SageMaker Data Wrangler anomaly detection visualization to find outliers in the dataset

D. Use Amazon Lookout for Equipment to find and remove outliers from the dataset

View answer

Correct Answer: C

Question #96

An office security agency conducted a successful pilot using 100 cameras installed at key locations within the main office. Images from the cameras were uploaded to Amazon S3 and tagged using Amazon Rekognition, and the results were stored in Amazon ES. The agency is now looking to expand the pilot into a full production system using thousands of video cameras in its office locations globally. The goal is to identify activities performed by non-employees in real timeWhich solution should the agency consider?

A. Use a proxy server at each local office and for each camera, and stream the RTSP feed to a unique Amazon Kinesis Video Streams video stream

B. Use a proxy server at each local office and for each camera, and stream the RTSP feed to a unique Amazon Kinesis Video Streams video stream

C. Install AWS DeepLens cameras and use the DeepLens_Kinesis_Video module to stream video to Amazon Kinesis Video Streams for each camera

D. Install AWS DeepLens cameras and use the DeepLens_Kinesis_Video module to stream video to Amazon Kinesis Video Streams for each camera

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Correct Answer: A

Question #97

A Data Scientist needs to migrate an existing on-premises ETL process to the cloud The current process runs at regular time intervals and uses PySpark to combine and format multiple large data sources into a single consolidated output for downstream processing The Data Scientist has been given the following requirements for the cloud solution* Combine multiple data sources* Reuse existing PySpark logic* Run the solution on the existing schedule* Minimize the number of servers that will need to be managedWhich architecture should the Data Scientist use to build this solution?

A. rite the raw data to Amazon S3 Schedule an AWS Lambda function to submit a Spark step to a persistent Amazon EMR cluster based on the existing schedule Use the existing PySpark logic to run the ETL job on the EMR cluster Output the results to a "processed" location m Amazon S3 that is accessible tor downstream use

B. rite the raw data to Amazon S3 Schedule an AWS Lambda function to run on the existing schedule and process the input data from Amazon S3 Write the Lambda logic in Python and implement the existing PySpartc logic to perform the ETL process Have the Lambda function output the results to a"processed" location in Amazon S3 that is accessible for downstream use

C. se Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics to stream the input data and perform realtime SQL queries against the stream to carry out the required transformations within the stream Deliver the output results to a"processed" location in Amazon S3 that is accessible for downstream use

D. rite the raw data to Amazon S3 Create an AWS Glue ETL job to perform the ETL processing against the input data Write the ETL job in PySpark to leverage the existing logic Create a new AWS Glue trigger to trigger the ETL job based on the existing schedule Configure the output target of the ETL job to write to a "processed" location in Amazon S3 that is accessible for downstream use

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Correct Answer: D

Question #98

A Marketing Manager at a pet insurance company plans to launch a targeted marketing campaign on social media to acquire new customers. Currently, the company has the following data in Amazon Aurora:•Profiles for all past and existing customers•Profiles for all past and existing insured pets•Policy-level information•Premiums received•Claims paidWhat steps should be taken to implement a machine learning model to identify potential new customers on social media?

A. Use regression on customer profile data to understand key characteristics of consumer segments

B. Use clustering on customer profile data to understand key characteristics of consumer segments

C. Use a recommendation engine on customer profile data to understand key characteristics of consumer segments

D. Use a decision tree classifier engine on customer profile data to understand key characteristics of consumer segments

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Correct Answer: C

Question #99

A company is observing low accuracy while training on the default built-in image classification algorithm in Amazon SageMaker. The Data Science team wants to use an Inception neural network architecture instead of a ResNet architecture.Which of the following will accomplish this? (Choose two.)

A. Customize the built-in image classification algorithm to use Inception and use this for model training

B. Create a support case with the SageMaker team to change the default image classification algorithm to Inception

C. Bundle a Docker container with TensorFlow Estimator loaded with an Inception network and use this for model training

D. Use custom code in Amazon SageMaker with TensorFlow Estimator to load the model with an Inception network, and use this for model training

E. Download and apt-get install the inception network code into an Amazon EC2 instance and use this instance as a Jupyter notebook in Amazon SageMaker

View answer

Correct Answer: CD

Question #100

An online reseller has a large, multi-column dataset with one column missing 30% of its data. A Machine Learning Specialist believes that certain columns in the dataset could be used to reconstruct the missing data.Which reconstruction approach should the Specialist use to preserve the integrity of the dataset?

A. Listwise deletion

B. Last observation carried forward

C. Multiple imputation

D. Mean substitution

View answer

Correct Answer: C

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