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When the IT platform of a company is completed, the management of the IT platform becomes an important task in daily operation and maintenance. No matter who you’re the Cisco certification engineer or HuaWei engineer, you should know it very well. The level of network management determines the performance of the network, the security, and the efficiency of the network. However, with the continuous enhancement of network functions and the continuous expansion of software and hardware, the content of network management becomes more and more complex and difficult. Will grow bigger and bigger. Today, network management is no longer a simple manual configuration and maintenance, it also includes automated monitoring and management of the network.
Moreover, compared with small and medium-sized enterprises, the demand for network management of large enterprises is often more intense. They have a large number of devices and a large variety of devices. The network scale is even larger, and the requirements for security and stability are also stricter. Whether it is excellent and effective management is undoubtedly a very important thing. It's just that the complexity of the IT system often makes this task a big challenge. IT staff will always face many problems in the actual work, such as how to be able to know the first time when the network fails; how can it be in many Accurately locate fault points in the equipment; how to understand the operation of the equipment, prevent the occurrence of faults, ensure the stability of the system, etc. This is very important for IT personnel, but if it is only by manpower, it is very Obviously impossible to complete.
Therefore, whether or not there is efficient network management is the key guarantee for the safe, stable and efficient operation of the enterprise IT platform.
Before building a network management platform, we must first understand the network management:
1. What is network management?
First of all, we must first understand what is network management, what is network management?
In fact, there is currently no uniform definition of network management. Everyone has different views on network management. Different people have different understandings. Different institutions have different definitions.
In general, network management means that network administrators can dynamically monitor the network through various applications and tools, including acquiring, analyzing, and processing the running status, configuration information, and resource usage of the device. Master the situation and ensure the high availability of the network to meet the work needs of the enterprise.
Network management consists of four parts: network management workstations, managed devices, MIB databases, and network protocols.
Network management workstation: There is at least one network management workstation in network management. It is usually a separate device. As the network administrator manages the network user interface, the network management software installed above is responsible for all monitoring and control of network management.
Managed device: A managed device is a device that is monitored by a network management workstation. It accepts the request from the workstation and responds accordingly. It can also automatically send information to the network management workstation. Such as hosts, routers, switches, etc. in the network.
Network Management Information Base: The MIB is actually a database that provides information about managed network devices that are shared by the network management process and each managed device.
Network Management Protocol: The action rules and data formats for information exchange between the managed agent and the network management process are defined by the network management protocol.
2, network management functions
Regarding the functions of network management, the ISO organization clearly defines the five functions of network management in the ISO/IEC 7498-4 document and is widely recognized: configuration management, performance management, fault management, security management, and billing management. .
Configuration management: It is mainly responsible for monitoring and controlling the configuration status of the network, such as obtaining device configuration information, changing the running status of the device, and recording user operations.
Performance management: It mainly monitors, analyzes and processes the running status and communication information (traffic, users, accessed resources, etc.) of network resources and generates reports. For example, the device CPU, memory load size, and port traffic allow us to clearly understand the health of the network.
Fault management: The main performance of fault management is the rapid discovery, location and troubleshooting of network faults to ensure high availability of the network.
Security Management: The role of security management is to provide information confidentiality, authentication and integrity protection mechanisms to protect service data and systems in the network from intrusion and destruction.
Security management has two meanings:
(1) Network users and network resources are not illegally used.
(2) It is not used by unauthorized users.
Billing Management: Billing management records the use of network resources to control and monitor the cost and cost of network operations. This is a very important function on public business networks, but is rarely used in general enterprises.
3. Network Management Protocol
We know that there are various protocols in computer systems, and they play the most important role in the communication of devices. Their advantages and disadvantages directly determine the quality of communication. Network management also has its own protocols that define the communication methods between the network management process and the managed agent.
The main network management protocols are: ISO CMIS/CMIP, IETF SNMP, RMON, etc. Among them, SNMP is the most widely used network management protocol in the world. It is designed to be protocol-independent and can be used on IP, IPX, AppleTalk, OSI and other transport protocols. Almost all network devices are implemented. Support for SNMP has now become the de facto standard network management protocol.
SNMP is the abbreviation of "Simple Network Management Protocol" and the Chinese name is "Simple Network Management Protocol". Its predecessor was the Simple Gateway Monitoring Protocol (SGMP) in 1987. Because it is simple and practical, it has been widely supported and applied since its launch. It has three versions of SNMPv1, SNMPv2 and SNMPv3. The most widely used one is SNMPv2.
SNMP collects data in two ways: polling and interrupt.
Polling: initiated by the network management station, ie the hypervisor issues a query signal and the managed agent gives a response.
Interrupt: The interrupt-based method (called trap, Trap) is actively sent by the managed device. When the device generates an event specified by tarp, it immediately notifies the network management workstation.
4, network management software
Network management software is the most important part of the network management system. It is the key factor for network management work. A good management software will be your best assistant. Personally think that a good set of network management software should have the following characteristics:
(1). There are many types of support. There are many kinds of devices in the network. The network management software must have a wide range of support surfaces and can monitor multiple network devices and application services.
(2). Wide monitoring range, can monitor various important network parameters such as CPU, memory and bandwidth of network equipment.
(3). Support a variety of alarm methods, when there is a problem, you can use a variety of ways to alarm, such as mail, SMS, voice, etc., so that we can find in time.
(4). Excellent reporting function, some administrators often do not pay much attention to the reporting function, which is wrong. An excellent reporting system can transform the messy data in our network into effective management information, which will be of great help to our evaluation of the network.
(5) . Easy to operate.
