1.Network Architecture Design and PlanningNetwork architecture design and planning is one of the key contents of the HCIE certification exam, including layering design of network structure, network topology planning, network performance and reliability design, network security and QoS strategy design, etc.2. Huawei Routing and Switching Equipment Technologies and ApplicationsThe HCIE certification exam requires mastery of various Huawei routing and switching equipment technologies and applications. These include routing protocols (OSPF, BGP, IS-IS, etc.), switching technologies (VLAN, QinQ, STP, RSTP, MSTP, etc.), MPLS, VPN, IPv6, etc.3. Security and ProtectionSecurity and protection is a very important part of the HCIE certification exam, including network security strategy design, network security protection technologies, network attacks and prevention, Network security incident handling, etc. 4. Data center technology and architecture design Data center technology and architecture design is also one of the focuses of the HCIE certification exam, mainly including data center network architecture design, data center storage technology, virtualization technology, cloud computing technology, SDN and NFV, etc. 5. Other technologies and applications In addition, the HCIE certification exam also includes a number of other technologies and applications. For example, video conferencing, voice communication, wireless networks, network optimization, performance debugging and other aspects.