Huawei Certified ICT Associate (HCIA) exam subjects usually include the following: Network Fundamentals: covering basic computer network concepts, network topology, network protocols, IP address planning, and subnetting. Routing and Switching: including static routing, dynamic routing (such as OSPF, RIP, BGP), switching technology (such as VLAN, STP, EtherChannel) and so on. Security basics: covering network security concepts, firewalls, intrusion detection and defense, VPN and other security technologies.WLAN basics: including the basics of wireless networks, wireless access technologies, WLAN planning and deployment, etc.WAN technologies: covering the basic concepts of WAN, transmission media (e.g., SDH, MPLS), broadband access technologies, VPN, etc.IT basics: including Operating system (e.g. Windows, Linux), database, storage technology, virtualization and other related knowledge. Please note that the above subjects are for reference only, and the specific exam subjects may be adjusted according to Huawei's official updates. We recommend that you read the HCIA exam syllabus provided by Huawei officials in detail before taking the exam to ensure that you understand the latest exam subjects and requirements.