إجابة مرجعية
Mainly the different types of network delays are: propagation delay, transmission delay, processing delay, and queueing delay.
Propagation delay is the time it takes for the signal to physically travel from sender to receiver. Now, a propagation delay completely depends on distance and the medium such as fiber, copper, etc., so even at high speeds, long distances do add delay.
Transmission delay is the time required to push all bits of a packet onto the wire. So if the packet is large or the bandwidth is low, this delay eventually increases.
Once the packet reaches a router, there's a small processing delay, where the router checks the packet header and decides where to send it next.
Queuing delay is the waiting time where the packet has to wait even after processing, it is the most unpredictable one; it depends on network congestion. If many packets arrive at the same time, some of them sit in a buffer before being forwarded.
Bandwidth and latency are often confused with one another, a bandwidth is like the number of lanes on a highway, while latency is the speed limit. You can have a wide road, i.e, high bandwidth, but if the speed is low, i.e, high delay, things still move slowly.
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