إجابة مرجعية
Internet Protocol Version 6, or popularly called IPv6 is an updated version of IP addressing, and (might sound silly), but the main reason for its launch was because IPv4 ran out of addresses.
IPv4 used 32-bit addresses, which gave roughly 4.3 billion unique combinations. And at that time, it sounded like a lot, but with phones, laptops, IoT devices, etc., it ended up not being enough.
Hence, IPv6 was introduced to solve this by using 128-bit addresses which were written in hexadecimal format:
2001:0db8:85a3::8a2e:0370:7334
With this format, an almost unlimited space was created, so every device could have its own unique IP. Also, this is why IPv doesn't rely on NAT the way IPv did.
We spoke about spaces, but there's more to their differences!
1. IPv6 makes the packet header simpler than IPv4 did to make routing efficient.
2. Reducing unnecessary traffic became important, and that is IPv6 replaced broadcasting traffic with multicast communication.
3. You must also note that another important thing about IPv6 is that it has built-in IPSec support. It's useful because this makes it easier to have communication at the protocol level with IPv6.
4. You will also notice that IPv6 supports something called auto-configuration, which is also known as SLAAC. This means that devices can create their IP addresses without needing a DHCP server in many cases, with IPv6.
So, where do they both stand currently?
Basically, IPv6 hasn't fully replaced IPv4; instead, they are working together as a dual-stack setup.
One thing you must not forget here is that both systems don't communicate directly. They require transition mechanisms like dual-stack, tunneling, or NAT64 to work together.
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