إجابة مرجعية
Cloud breach response follows the NIST incident response lifecycle — Prepare, Detect, Analyze, Contain, Eradicate, Recover, Post-Incident — but requires cloud-specific tactics at each phase.
Preparation: Maintain tested IR runbooks specific to cloud breach scenarios: compromised IAM credentials, public S3 bucket exposure, ransomware in cloud environments. Pre-authorize your IR team for break-glass access. Establish a cloud IR retainer with a specialist firm (CrowdStrike, Mandiant, Cado Security). Ensure logging is comprehensive and tamper-resistant before an incident, not during it.
Detection and Analysis: Correlate signals across CloudTrail, GuardDuty, VPC Flow Logs and SIEM. Determine blast radius quickly — which accounts, identities, resources and data were accessed or exfiltrated? Establish a timeline. Preserve evidence first — snapshot affected instances, export logs to immutable storage, capture network flows — before taking any remediation action that might destroy forensic evidence.
Containment: Rotate or immediately revoke compromised credentials. Isolate affected instances by modifying security group rules or detaching them from the network. Quarantine compromised IAM roles by removing all permissions or disabling the role. Use SCPs (Service Control Policies) to restrict actions organization-wide if the compromise is widespread.
Eradication: Remove all attacker persistence — backdoor IAM users, rogue Lambda functions, unauthorized EC2 instances, modified S3 bucket policies. Patch or rebuild compromised systems from clean, verified images. Remediate the root cause: the misconfiguration, exposed credential or unpatched vulnerability that enabled initial access.
Recovery: Restore from known-good backups with additional security controls in place. Verify integrity thoroughly before returning to production.
Legal and regulatory obligations: Notify your legal team and DPO immediately. GDPR requires supervisory authority notification within 72 hours of discovery. US state laws (CCPA, state breach notification laws) have their own timelines and requirements. Document everything.
Post-incident: Conduct a blameless post-mortem focused on systemic improvements. Update detection rules, IR playbooks and architecture based on lessons learned.
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