Which CCNP Certification Is Best for Your IT Career in 2025?

The Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP) certification represents a significant milestone in the career of any IT professional, marking the transition from foundational knowledge to specialized, in-depth expertise. As the logical and highly valued progression from certifications like the Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA), the CCNP validates the advanced skills required to plan, implement, verify, and troubleshoot complex network solutions.¹ In the current IT landscape, Cisco offers a diverse portfolio of seven distinct professional-level certification tracks, each meticulously designed to align with a critical technology domain: Enterprise, Security, Data Center, Service Provider, Collaboration, CyberOps, and DevNet.¹ Navigating this array of specializations to identify the single “best” path can be a formidable challenge, as the optimal choice is contingent upon a professional’s unique career aspirations, existing skill set, and long-term goals.

While the “best” CCNP certification ultimately depends on an individual’s career path and specialization, a comprehensive analysis of salary data, current job market demand, and future technology trends indicates that CCNP Security offers the highest immediate earning potential, while CCNP DevNet provides the strongest alignment with the future of network engineering. CCNP Enterprise remains the most versatile and foundational choice for a broad range of networking roles.

To move beyond a simple answer and provide a truly strategic guide, this report deconstructs the concept of “best” into four critical, data-driven questions. An analysis of which certification offers the highest salary, which is most in demand by employers, which best future-proofs skills against technological shifts, and how to align each certification path with specific, real-world job roles will be conducted. This multi-faceted approach will provide the clarity needed to make an informed and impactful career decision.

The optimal CCNP certification is not a one-size-fits-all answer; it is a strategic choice aligned with your desired salary, job function, and long-term career ambitions in a rapidly evolving technology sector defined by automation, cloud, and cybersecurity.

Which CCNP track offers the highest salary potential?

For many professionals, a primary driver for pursuing an advanced certification is the potential for a significant salary increase. The investment of time, effort, and financial resources into achieving a CCNP is often weighed against the tangible return in the form of higher compensation and more lucrative career opportunities. This section will delve into a data-driven analysis of the earning potential across the various CCNP tracks, using recent salary surveys and market reports to identify which specialization currently commands the highest compensation in the competitive IT job market.

Based on multiple independent salary reports, the CCNP Security certification consistently offers the highest salary potential, frequently placing it among the top-paying IT certifications in the entire industry. Following closely are CCNP Data Center and CCNP Enterprise, which also command impressive six-figure salaries, reflecting the high value organizations place on these specialized skill sets.

A detailed examination of current market data reveals a clear hierarchy in the earning potential of CCNP specializations. The Skillsoft and Global Knowledge “Top-Paying Cisco Certifications in 2025” report, a widely respected industry benchmark, places CCNP Security at the pinnacle of its Cisco salary rankings. Professionals holding this certification command an average U.S. salary of $168,159, making it not only the highest-paying CCNP but one of the most financially rewarding IT certifications available globally.⁵ This figure is substantially higher than other CCNP tracks, underscoring the market’s premium on advanced cybersecurity expertise.

Following CCNP Security, the report identifies CCNP Data Center as another top earner, with an average salary of $152,793, while CCNP Enterprise professionals earn a highly competitive average of $144,912.⁵ This data establishes a distinct top tier of CCNP certifications—Security, Data Center, and Enterprise—that are associated with the highest levels of compensation.

This hierarchy is corroborated by other independent data sources. ZipRecruiter’s salary data, aggregated from millions of job postings, shows an average annual salary for CCNP Security professionals at $152,773, with top earners (the 90th percentile) reaching an impressive $205,000 per year.⁷ Similarly, the average salary for a CCNP Data Center professional is reported at $147,461.⁸ In contrast, the average for a general “CCNP” certification, which often includes the foundational Enterprise track, is lower, typically ranging from $104,555 to $109,336.⁹ This significant delta between the general CCNP average and the Security specialization’s average further illustrates the substantial salary premium attached to cybersecurity skills.

The earning potential for other specializations remains strong, though typically below the top three. The CCNP Collaboration track, for instance, is reported to have an average salary of $134,694 in one report and around $109,336 in another, reflecting its solid position in the market.⁵ Salary data for CCNP Service Provider is often aggregated within the broader CCNP category, with typical ranges between $95,000 and $111,000.¹² The newer, more specialized tracks also show strong earning potential. CCNP DevNet professionals, focusing on automation and programming, can expect average salaries between $115,000 and $120,000, while CyberOps Professionals, focused on security operations, command salaries from $80,000 to $120,000, with significant potential for growth in more senior roles.¹³

The significant salary premium for CCNP Security is not merely a reflection of the certification’s technical difficulty. It is a direct financial indicator of how modern organizations quantify and attempt to mitigate cybersecurity risk. With the cost of cybercrime projected to reach a staggering $10.5 trillion annually by 2025, the financial consequences of a security breach can be catastrophic for any enterprise.¹⁶ This creates a powerful financial incentive for businesses to invest heavily in preventative measures and expert personnel. Compounding this issue is a severe and persistent global cybersecurity skills gap, with an estimated 3.5 million unfilled positions and a mere 14% of organizations believing they possess the necessary talent to meet their security objectives.¹⁶ This confluence of extreme financial risk and a critical shortage of qualified experts creates a classic supply-and-demand imbalance in the job market. Consequently, the high salary offered to a CCNP Security professional is more than just compensation for their skills; it is a strategic, risk-mitigation investment. A company that pays a security engineer $168,000 is making a calculated decision that this individual’s expertise in preventing a multi-million dollar data breach provides an exceptional return on that investment. The salary directly reflects the immense value of the digital assets they are tasked with protecting.

The table below consolidates salary data from various sources to provide a comparative overview of the earning potential across the different CCNP tracks in the U.S. market.

For professionals prioritizing maximum earning potential, the data is unequivocal: CCNP Security is the most lucrative path, reflecting the market’s high premium on cybersecurity expertise.

Which CCNP certification is most in demand by employers?

A high salary is often a direct result of high demand. Understanding which specializations are most sought after by employers is crucial for making a strategic certification choice that ensures not only financial reward but also long-term job security and a wealth of career opportunities. In this section, the job market for CCNP-certified professionals will be analyzed, looking beyond just the number of open positions to understand the nature of the demand—distinguishing between broad, foundational needs and urgent, specialized requirements that reflect the industry’s most pressing challenges.

The demand for CCNP professionals is nuanced. CCNP Enterprise sees the broadest and most consistent demand as it forms the core of most corporate networks. However, CCNP Security is subject to the most urgent demand, driven by a severe global talent shortage. Meanwhile, CCNP DevNet represents the fastest-growing area of demand as companies pivot to automation.

The demand landscape for CCNP certifications can be understood through three distinct vectors: broad foundational demand, urgent critical demand, and emerging transformative demand.

Broad Foundational Demand: CCNP Enterprise

The CCNP Enterprise certification, the direct successor to the long-standing CCNP Routing & Switching, addresses the core technologies that form the backbone of virtually every corporate network.19 Its curriculum covers the essential skills of advanced routing, switching, wireless networking, and network design, making it relevant to a vast and stable job market.21 Job roles such as Network Engineer, Network Administrator, Systems Engineer, and Infrastructure Engineer are perennial needs across all industries, from healthcare and finance to manufacturing and government.21 Because this certification validates expertise in managing the “heart of any network,” it ensures a high volume of consistent job opportunities, making it a safe and versatile choice for professionals who want to maintain a broad applicability in the job market.20

Urgent, Critical Demand: CCNP Security

The demand for cybersecurity professionals is characterized by extreme urgency and scarcity. The IT industry is currently facing a massive global talent shortage, with estimates pointing to a workforce gap of 3.4 to 3.5 million cybersecurity professionals.16 This is not merely a skills gap; it is a full-blown workforce crisis that leaves organizations vulnerable.26 Despite broader economic uncertainties, the demand for cybersecurity talent continues to rise, with job postings increasing by 12% year-over-year.17 This intense, unmet demand means that professionals holding the CCNP Security certification are not just in demand—they are actively and aggressively recruited by organizations desperate to protect their assets. This creates a candidate-driven market where certified experts can command high salaries and have their choice of compelling roles.

Emerging, Transformative Demand: CCNP DevNet

The demand for CCNP DevNet skills is a powerful leading indicator of the future of the networking industry. Recent market data reveals a staggering 30% surge in job postings for DevNet-related roles in the past year alone, a growth rate that far outpaces more traditional IT positions.27 This explosive growth is fueled by the industry-wide imperative to automate. Manual network configuration is no longer scalable or reliable enough for modern, complex environments. Automation is now essential for reducing human error—the root cause of 74% of all data breaches—and for increasing operational efficiency.28 The World Economic Forum has identified “AI and big data” and “networks and cybersecurity” as the fastest-growing skill sets, placing DevNet, which sits at the intersection of programming and networking, at the epicenter of these global technology trends.31 This makes CCNP DevNet the certification with the highest growth potential in terms of future demand.

The structure of the CCNP program itself provides a clear roadmap for how professionals can best position themselves in this evolving market. The modern IT landscape is moving away from siloed, specialized roles and toward the concept of the “hybrid engineer”—a professional who combines deep domain expertise in an area like enterprise networking or security with the cross-functional skills of automation and programmability. The CCNP’s “core + concentration” exam model is perfectly suited to build this type of high-value professional.²¹

For example, a professional pursuing the CCNP Enterprise certification must pass the core ENCOR (350-401) exam. They then have a strategic choice for their concentration exam. They could select ENARSI (300-410) to become a deep specialist in advanced routing, or they could choose ENAUTO (300-435) to master enterprise network automation. The latter choice transforms them into a highly desirable hybrid “Enterprise Automation Engineer.” Similarly, a CCNP Security candidate can supplement their core SCOR (350-701) knowledge with a traditional concentration like SNCF (300-710) for firewalls or, more strategically, with SAUTO (300-735) for security automation, positioning them for high-demand DevSecOps roles.

The most telling evidence of this trend is that the automation-focused concentration exams—ENAUTO, SAUTO, DCAUTO, and others—are shared across their respective technology tracks and the CCNP DevNet track.¹ This intentional overlap signals that to be a truly modern and in-demand professional in any networking domain, one must possess the skills validated by an exam that also counts toward a DevNet certification. The highest demand is therefore not just for a “CCNP Security” professional, but for a CCNP Security professional who can write Python scripts to automate security policies. The concentration exam has evolved from a simple choice of specialization into a critical mechanism for building a hybrid, future-proof, and highly sought-after skill set.

While CCNP Enterprise provides the widest job base, the most intense and rapidly growing demand is for specialists in Security and DevNet, with the highest value placed on professionals who can blend these domains through strategic concentration choices.

Which CCNP specialization best future-proofs your career?

Choosing a certification is an investment in the future. A truly “best” certification is not just valuable today; it aligns with the long-term technological currents that will shape the industry for the next five to ten years. A forward-looking decision ensures that the skills acquired will remain relevant and in-demand, providing a durable and resilient career advantage. This section analyzes the major trends transforming network engineering—automation, AI, cloud computing, and cybersecurity—to determine which CCNP path offers the most robust protection against skill obsolescence.

The CCNP DevNet certification is unequivocally the most forward-looking specialization, as it directly equips professionals with the automation, programming, and Infrastructure-as-Code (IaC) skills that are redefining network management. However, specializing in CCNP Security and focusing on cloud connectivity within CCNP Enterprise are also critical strategies for long-term relevance.

The field of network engineering is in the midst of a profound transformation, driven by several powerful and irreversible trends. Understanding these trends is key to identifying a future-proof career path.

The Automation Imperative and the Rise of the Software-Defined Network

The future of network engineering is being written in code. The traditional paradigm of manual, command-line interface (CLI) based configuration is rapidly becoming obsolete, as it cannot scale to meet the demands of modern, complex network environments.29 The industry is moving decisively towards software-defined networking (SDN), network function virtualization (NFV), and automation-first operational models.33 The goal is to create networks that are more agile, efficient, and resilient. This shift is being accelerated by the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML), which promise to deliver predictive, self-healing networks that can anticipate and resolve issues autonomously.36 The economic momentum behind this trend is immense; the network automation market is projected to explode from $17.87 billion in 2025 to $86.21 billion by 2032, representing a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 25.2%.37 In this new reality, the role of the network engineer is evolving from a hands-on operator to a strategic architect and developer of these complex automated systems.

CCNP DevNet: The Direct Path to the Future

The CCNP DevNet certification is Cisco’s direct and comprehensive response to this industry-wide paradigm shift. It is fundamentally designed to equip professionals with the skills needed for this new era of network programmability. The core exam for this track, DEVCOR (350-901), is centered on software development and design, the practical use of Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), application deployment and security, and infrastructure automation.38 It validates proficiency in Python, the de facto language of network automation, as well as REST APIs and common data formats like JSON and XML—the foundational building blocks of modern, programmable networks.34 Unlike traditional networking certifications that teach how to

manage a network, CCNP DevNet teaches how to program it, making it the most inherently future-proof certification in the CCNP portfolio.

The Enduring Relevance of CCNP Security

While automation is reshaping how networks are managed, the need to secure them is a permanent and escalating requirement. The cybersecurity threat landscape is not static; it is a dynamic and expanding battlefield where attackers are increasingly leveraging AI and sophisticated social engineering tactics.35 The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and the expansion of the network edge create an ever-larger attack surface that must be defended. Consequently, the demand for skilled cybersecurity professionals is not a temporary trend but a long-term structural need of the digital economy. A career in cybersecurity, validated by the CCNP Security certification, is therefore an exceptionally durable choice. The focus within this domain is also evolving to stay ahead of threats, with modern concentration exams covering critical future-focused areas like Zero Trust architecture, cloud security (via the

300-740 SCAZT exam), and securing automated environments (via the 300-735 SAUTO exam).¹

Future-Proofing Traditional Domains: Enterprise and Data Center

The core domains of enterprise networking and data center management are not disappearing, but they are being fundamentally transformed by the forces of automation and cloud computing. To remain relevant, professionals in these areas must evolve their skills. A future-proofed CCNP Enterprise professional is one who moves beyond traditional routing and switching to master modern technologies through strategic concentration exams. Specializing in Software-Defined WAN (300-415 ENSDWI), Designing and Implementing Cloud Connectivity (300-440 ENCC), or Implementing Automation for Cisco Enterprise Solutions (300-435 ENAUTO) is now critical for long-term career viability.1 Similarly, the future-proofed CCNP Data Center professional is one who focuses on modern architectures like

Cisco Application-Centric Infrastructure (300-620 DCACI) and masters Implementing Automation for Cisco Data Center Solutions (300-635 DCAUTO).¹ Cloud networking skills, in particular, are no longer a niche specialization but a mandatory competency for nearly all senior networking roles.⁴²

The structure of the CCNP program itself reveals a deeper truth about the future of the industry. DevNet is not treated as a separate, isolated career path. Instead, it functions as a foundational skill layer that is designed to be integrated into all other networking domains. The key evidence lies in the design of the concentration exams. The automation exams—ENAUTO, SAUTO, DCAUTO, etc.—are shared between their respective domains (Enterprise, Security, Data Center) and the CCNP DevNet certification track.¹ This is not a coincidence; it is a deliberate structural choice by Cisco that reflects a market reality. It signals that to be a successful CCNP Enterprise professional in 2025 and beyond, one must possess the skills to pass an exam that also qualifies as a DevNet specialization. DevNet is not a competing track; it is the enabling layer that allows all other tracks to remain modern and relevant. It represents the “how” of future networking, while the other tracks represent the “what” and “where.” This makes the pursuit of DevNet skills—either through the full certification or through a strategic automation concentration exam—the single most important action a networking professional can take to future-proof their career.

CCNP DevNet is the ultimate future-proofing certification, directly addressing the industry’s irreversible shift to automation. For those in traditional domains, integrating automation and cloud specializations is no longer optional—it is essential for long-term career viability.

How do you choose the right CCNP path for your job role?

With a clear understanding of the market dynamics concerning salary, demand, and future trends, the final and most critical step is to map these strategic insights to your personal career trajectory. The “best” certification is the one that most directly accelerates your progress toward your specific professional goals. This section provides a practical, role-based breakdown of each of the seven CCNP tracks, detailing the specific skills you will acquire, the job titles you will be prepared for, and the type of professional who is the ideal candidate for each path, enabling you to make a well-aligned choice.

Choosing the right CCNP involves aligning the certification’s core focus with your day-to-day responsibilities and career goals. Enterprise is for core network infrastructure, Security for cyber defense, Data Center for large-scale compute environments, Service Provider for ISP technologies, Collaboration for unified communications, CyberOps for security operations, and DevNet for network automation and programming.

The following is a detailed profile of each of the seven CCNP certification tracks, designed to help you align your career goals with the appropriate specialization.

CCNP Enterprise

• Core Exam: 350-401 ENCOR – Implementing and Operating Cisco Enterprise Network Core Technologies.²¹
• Skills Covered: This track validates expert-level skills in advanced routing protocols (EIGRP, OSPF, BGP), enterprise-scale switching, Software-Defined WAN (SD-WAN), wireless LAN (WLAN) implementation and design, network virtualization, and foundational network automation concepts.²¹
• Typical Job Roles: Network Engineer, Senior Network Engineer, Network Administrator, Infrastructure Engineer, Systems Engineer, Network Architect.²³
• Best Fit For: The professional who is responsible for the end-to-end lifecycle of large-scale corporate networks. This is the quintessential path for network engineers who want to deepen their core infrastructure skills and manage the complex wired and wireless environments that power modern businesses.

CCNP Security

• Core Exam: 350-701 SCOR – Implementing and Operating Cisco Security Core Technologies.¹
• Skills Covered: This certification focuses on the full spectrum of network security, including security architecture, next-generation firewalls (Cisco ASA, Firepower), Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), intrusion prevention systems (IDS/IPS), endpoint security, secure network access control with Cisco Identity Services Engine (ISE), web and email security appliances, and cloud security solutions.¹
• Typical Job Roles: Network Security Engineer, Cybersecurity Analyst, Firewall Administrator, Security Consultant, Security Architect.¹⁸
• Best Fit For: The dedicated cyber defender focused on designing, implementing, and managing a robust security posture. This professional protects network infrastructure from internal and external threats, enforces security policies, and manages a diverse suite of security appliances and technologies.

CCNP Data Center

• Core Exam: 350-601 DCCOR – Implementing and Operating Cisco Data Center Core Technologies.¹
• Skills Covered: This track covers the technologies at the heart of modern data centers, including advanced data center networking with Cisco Nexus switches, storage networking (Fibre Channel, FCoE), Cisco Unified Computing System (UCS) for compute, Cisco Application-Centric Infrastructure (ACI) for policy-driven networking, virtualization (VDCs, VRFs), and data center automation and orchestration.¹
• Typical Job Roles: Data Center Engineer, Network Engineer (with a data center focus), Cloud Infrastructure Specialist, Solutions Architect, Systems Engineer.¹⁸
• Best Fit For: The engineer who designs, deploys, and manages the complex and highly virtualized network, compute, and storage infrastructure within modern data centers and hybrid cloud environments.

CCNP Service Provider

• Core Exam: 350-501 SPCOR – Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies.¹⁸
• Skills Covered: This specialization validates expertise in carrier-grade network technologies, including advanced BGP routing, Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS), Layer 2 and Layer 3 VPN services, Quality of Service (QoS) for service delivery, segment routing, and emerging 5G network architectures.¹⁸
• Typical Job Roles: ISP Network Architect, Telecom Solutions Expert, Network Engineer (Service Provider), Network Designer.²
• Best Fit For: The engineer working within an Internet Service Provider (ISP), telecommunications company, or a very large enterprise that operates a carrier-grade network. Their focus is on building and maintaining the large-scale infrastructure that delivers network services to customers.

CCNP Collaboration

• Core Exam: 350-801 CLCOR – Implementing and Operating Cisco Collaboration Core Technologies.¹
• Skills Covered: This certification focuses on unified communications and collaboration solutions, including Cisco Unified Communications Manager (CUCM) for call control, voice and video protocols, messaging systems, Cisco Webex integration, and securing the collaboration infrastructure.¹⁸
• Typical Job Roles: Collaboration Engineer, Unified Communications (UC) Engineer, VoIP Engineer, Network Video Engineer, Systems Engineer.²
• Best Fit For: The specialist who deploys, manages, and troubleshoots an organization’s communication and collaboration platforms. This includes enterprise phone systems, video conferencing solutions, instant messaging, and cloud-based collaboration tools.

Cisco Certified CyberOps Professional

• Core Exam: 350-201 CBRCOR – Performing CyberOps Using Cisco Security Technologies.¹
• Skills Covered: This track is distinct from CCNP Security and focuses specifically on the operational side of cybersecurity. It covers skills in threat hunting, digital forensics, real-time incident response, security monitoring, host-based analysis, and network intrusion analysis, all within the context of a Security Operations Center (SOC).¹⁸
• Typical Job Roles: Cybersecurity Analyst, SOC Analyst (Tier 2/3), Incident Response Engineer, Threat Hunter, Digital Forensics Analyst.¹⁴
• Best Fit For: The security professional working on the front lines of cyber defense. This individual is part of a SOC team, responsible for detecting, analyzing, triaging, and responding to security incidents and threats in real-time.

Cisco Certified DevNet Professional

• Core Exam: 350-901 DEVCOR – Developing Applications Using Cisco Core Platforms and APIs.¹
• Skills Covered: This certification validates a unique blend of software development and networking skills. Key areas include Python programming, using REST APIs, infrastructure automation with tools like Ansible, DevOps practices, CI/CD pipelines, and programming various Cisco platforms across the Enterprise, Security, Data Center, and Collaboration domains.¹⁸
• Typical Job Roles: Network Automation Engineer, DevOps Engineer, Cloud Automation Specialist, Software Developer (with a networking focus), Infrastructure Developer.¹⁵
• Best Fit For: The modern network engineer or software developer who aims to build, automate, and program the network rather than just manually configuring it. This is the ideal path for innovators, efficiency experts, and those who want to lead the transition to software-defined infrastructure.

The following table provides a consolidated matrix to help you compare the seven CCNP tracks and identify the one that best aligns with your professional profile and career ambitions.

The ideal CCNP path is a direct reflection of your career focus; by matching your daily tasks and future goals to the specific skills and job roles of each track, you can select the certification that will provide the most direct and impactful career acceleration.

Conclusion

The analysis reveals that the question “Which is the best CCNP certification?” has no single, universal answer. Instead, the “best” certification is the one that most strategically aligns with an individual’s career objectives, whether those are maximizing salary, targeting a high-demand role, or future-proofing one’s skill set for the long term. The CCNP portfolio is designed to offer specialized paths, and the market clearly values this specialization. For professionals seeking the highest immediate financial reward and responding to an urgent, critical market need, the CCNP Security track is the clear winner, with average salaries consistently surpassing other specializations. This reflects the immense value organizations place on protecting their digital assets in an era of escalating cyber threats.

For those playing the long game and aligning with the irreversible industry trends of automation, programmability, and software-defined everything, the CCNP DevNet certification represents the most strategic, forward-looking investment. It equips professionals with the foundational skills to build, program, and automate the networks of the future, transitioning their role from operator to innovator. Finally, the CCNP Enterprise certification remains the versatile workhorse of the networking world, offering the broadest applicability and a stable foundation for a wide variety of core infrastructure roles.

Ultimately, the decision requires an honest assessment of one’s own passions and professional ambitions. Do you want to build and maintain the core infrastructure, defend it from attack, or write the code that automates it all? This report provides a framework for that decision, demonstrating that the most successful professionals will be those who not only choose a specialization but also leverage the flexibility of the CCNP program. By selecting strategic concentration exams—particularly those focused on automation and cloud technologies—professionals can build a hybrid, high-value skill set that transcends traditional role boundaries and positions them for sustained success in the dynamic IT landscape of 2025 and beyond.

External links recommendations

1. Cisco Learning Network – CCNP Enterprise: The official portal for certification details, exam topics, and study materials for the Enterprise track.²²
2. Cisco Learning Network – CCNP Security: The official portal for the Security track, including exam blueprints and learning resources.⁶²
3. Cisco Learning Network – CCNP Data Center: The official portal for the Data Center track, offering information on core and concentration exams.⁶³
4. Cisco Learning Network – CCNP Service Provider: The official portal for the Service Provider track, with details on carrier-grade technologies.⁵²
5. Cisco Learning Network – CCNP Collaboration: The official portal for the Collaboration track, covering unified communications technologies.⁶⁴
6. Cisco Certified CyberOps Professional: The official portal for the CyberOps track, focused on security operations.⁶⁵
7. Cisco Certified DevNet Professional: The official portal for the DevNet track, detailing automation and programming skills.⁶⁶
8. Cisco Press: The official publisher for Cisco certification self-study guides, books, and practice materials.⁶⁷
9. Pearson VUE for Cisco Exams: The official global partner for scheduling and administering all written Cisco certification exams.⁶⁸
10. World Economic Forum – Global Cybersecurity Outlook: An authoritative source for further reading on the global cybersecurity skills gap and emerging industry trends.¹⁷

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