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1
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Start by describing a situation where you found that there was code that could have been written better or optimized. Then, explain how addressed the issue with your colleague. Clarify that you didn't throw your colleague under the bus for their mistake, but that you instead raised the issue in a respectful manner.
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참고 답변
Git is a distributed version control system, meaning every developer has a full copy of the code repository, whereas SVN (Subversion) is a centralized version control system, where the repository is stored on a central server. Git is generally faster, more flexible, and supports branching and merging more effectively, while SVN works well for teams with less complex workflows.
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3
참고 답변
The CSS Box Model describes how the elements on a webpage are structured and spaced. Every HTML element is considered as a box that has: - Content: The actual content of the element (text, images, etc.). - Padding: Space between the content and the border. - Border: Surrounds the padding (if defined). - Margin: Space outside the border, separating the element from other elements. - Example: box-sizing: border-box; ensures that padding and borders are included in the element's total width and height.
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참고 답변
CI/CD stands for Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment. It automates steps like: - Code integration - Automated testing - Deployment to staging/production CI/CD pipelines reduce manual errors and accelerate delivery cycles.
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There are four possible ways to access HTML elements in JavaScript which are: - getElementById() Method: It is used to get the element by its id name. - getElementsByClass() Method: It is used to get all the elements that have the given classname. - getElementsByTagName() Method: It is used to get all the elements that have the given tag name. - querySelector() Method: This function takes CSS style selector and returns the first selected element.
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Blue-green deployment is a strategy for deploying applications in two environments (Blue and Green). One environment (e.g., Blue) serves live traffic while the other (Green) is prepared with the latest version. After testing, traffic is switched to Green, minimizing downtime and ensuring smooth updates.
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The CSS overflow controls the big content. It tells whether to clip content or to add scroll bars. The overflow contains the following property: - Visible: The content is not clipped and is visible outside the element box. - Hidden: The overflow is clipped and the rest of the content is invisible. - Scroll: The overflow is clipped but a scrollbar is added to see the rest of the content. The scrollbar can be horizontal or vertical. - Auto: It automatically adds a scrollbar whenever it is required. Overflow-x and Overflow-y: This property specifies how to change the overflow of elements. x deals with horizontal edges and y deals with vertical edges.
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Looking for the candidate's ability to create clear, useful documentation and reports that cater to different audiences within the organization.
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Answering a complicated question right away is certainly challenging. However, you can demonstrate your expertise by giving a concise, clear answer. Make sure your answer sheds light on your industrial knowledge. “To begin with, I'll observe the nature of my job. If I were to write software for a web page, I'd prefer using JavaScript for the front end and Java or Python for the back end. However, I would shift my choice to C or C ++ for an embedded system and C# for a video game.”
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My first move is to check the logs, both frontend and backend. If I can't reproduce it myself, the evidence is usually in production data. I look for patterns in when it happens and whether certain users or environments are consistently affected. If I can add more logging without a full deploy, I do that. Tools like Sentry or Datadog are great for catching real-user stack traces. If it's still unclear, I'll use a feature flag to roll back the suspected area for a subset of users while I keep digging.
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Before ES6, variable declarations were only possible using var. With ES6, we got let and const. Both let and const declarations are block-scoped, i.e., they can only be accessed within the " { } " surrounding them. On the other hand, var doesn't have such a restriction. Unlike var, which can be accessed before its declaration, you cannot access the let or const variables until they are initialized with some value. Temporal Dead Zone is the time from the beginning of the execution of a block in which let or const variables are declared until these variables are initialized. If anyone tries to access those variables during that zone, Javascript will always throw a reference error as given below. console.log(varNumber); // undefined console.log(letNumber); // Throws the reference error letNumber is not defined var varNumber = 3; let letNumber = 4; Both let and const variables are in the TDZ from the moment their enclosing scope starts to the moment they are declared.
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“I check logs, reproduce the issue locally, analyze stack trace, and use tools like Postman or debugger to trace flow.”
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A demonstration of the candidate's ability to employ version control best practices, like branching strategies and code review processes, is anticipated for effective team collaboration.
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The frontend denotes the user interface part of a website and is built with technologies such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. The backend development, however, is something that goes on in a server. It deals with the database with the help of a server; it runs hand in glove with languages like Python, Ruby, and PHP. Full-stack developers work at putting both these ends together into a seamless user experience.
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Experienced developers mention browser DevTools, network inspection, backend logs, and distributed tracing. They should discuss isolating issues to specific layers and using correlation IDs across services.
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A good answer would start with a clear description of the issue. For instance, the candidate might discuss a performance bottleneck due to slow database queries, an inefficient algorithm, or network latency. They should explain how they identified the problem, such as by using profiling tools (like Chrome DevTools, Postman, or database profiling tools) or analyzing logs to pinpoint the issue. For example, they could describe optimizing a slow database query by adding indexes, refactoring the query, or implementing caching. Alternatively, they might mention debugging a front-end issue by using network analysis to find excessive API calls and batch them, or by using lazy loading to reduce load times. Candidates should emphasize a logical troubleshooting approach, walking through each step they took to isolate and address the issue, and conclude by describing the positive impact on the application's performance or stability.
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Reflect on your own motivations, especially those related to previous projects and work experience. What gave you the greatest sense of accomplishment? What kind of experiences do you try to have again and again? Here are some of the things that commonly drive professionals: - Working on big, important projects - Helping a company outdo its targets - Learning new things - Collaborating with others in a team environment - Mentoring younger developers - Solving challenging problems
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Document Object Model - structure of the HTML page that JavaScript can manipulate.
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Maintaining multiple versions (v1, v2) of APIs to avoid breaking old clients.
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"Multi-threading is a technique that allows multiple threads to execute concurrently within a single process. Each thread can perform a different task, allowing the program to handle multiple operations simultaneously. This can improve performance and responsiveness, especially in applications that need to handle multiple requests or perform background tasks. For example, a web server can use multi-threading to handle multiple incoming requests concurrently, improving its throughput."
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SQL Databases: - Structured, relational - Use tables and fixed schemas - Strong ACID compliance - Best for applications requiring consistency and complex queries NoSQL Databases: - Schema-less and highly flexible - Support unstructured or semi-structured data - Scale horizontally with ease - Ideal for applications requiring speed and scalability Choose SQL for data integrity; choose NoSQL for large, rapidly changing datasets.
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A Git hook is a pattern script that instantly runs at exact points in the Git workflow, such as before or after commits, merges, or pushes. You can use hooks to apply coding rules, run tests, check for security faults, or simplify tasks. For an example, a pre-commit hook can run and tests to verify code quality before changes are committed.
23
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In Java, a connection leak is a situation when the developer forgets to close the JDBC connection, it is known as connection leak. The most common type of Connection Leak experienced in Java development, is when using a Connection Pool (such as DBCP). We can fix it by closing the connection and giving special attention to the error handling code.
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Continuous Integration (CI) is a development practice where developers frequently merge their code changes into a shared repository. Each merge is automatically tested and built, allowing teams to detect errors early, improve code quality, and reduce integration problems.
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It is possible to include one CSS file in another and it can be done multiple times. Also, import multiple CSS files in the main HTML file or in the main CSS file. It can be done by using the @import keyword. Click here to know more in detail.
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A deployment pipeline is a set of automated processes that manage the workflow of code changes, from commit to deployment. The pipeline includes stages like testing, build, deployment, and release. It ensures that the code is tested and deployed in a consistent, efficient, and repeatable manner.
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참고 답변
The five main building blocks of React are - Components: These are reusable blocks of code that return HTML. - JSX: It stands for JavaScript and XML and allows you to write HTML in React. - Props and State: props are like function parameters and State is similar to variables. - Context: This allows data to be passed through components as props in a hierarchy. - Virtual DOM: It is a lightweight copy of the actual DOM which makes DOM manipulation easier.
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참고 답변
Development can be a complex minefield, so nearly all full stack developers have had their share of barriers and roadblocks. The details of this answer are not as important as the willingness to discuss flaws or struggles. Essentially, if they haven't faced a challenge, they might not be as experienced as you need.
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This is your chance to talk about your experience with Git and GitHub. Remember all those pull requests and merge conflicts you resolved during group projects? Those experiences are gold in interviews!
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- Optimistic Concurrency Control: Assumes conflicts are rare. It allows multiple transactions to proceed and checks for conflicts at commit time. If a conflict is found, the transaction might be rolled back. - Pessimistic Concurrency Control: Assumes conflicts will happen. It locks records for a transaction, preventing others from accessing/modifying them until the transaction is done.
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Git is a distributed version control system (DVCS) that is used to track changes in source code during software development. It permits multiple developers to work on a project together without interrupting each other's changes. Git is especially popular for its speed, and ability to manage both small and large projects capably.
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Java 8 feature to process collections efficiently using filter, map, reduce.
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참고 답변
A Git commit represents a snapshot of changes in the code. It contains a unique identifier (hash), the author's information, the commit message explaining the changes, and the diff of what was changed. Commits are used to track the history of code changes.
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참고 답변
A Git bundle is a collective file that wraps all data from Git repository, such as commits, branches, and tags. It acts as a handy approach for relocating a repository offline or sharing upgrades when network connection is not available. To form a git bundle, perform the following command. git bundle create
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참고 답변
Lists are very useful when it comes to developing the UI of any website. Lists are mainly used for displaying menus on a website, for example, the navbar menu. To create a list in React use the map method of array as follows. import React from "react"; import ReactDOM from "react-dom"; const numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]; const updatedNums = numbers.map((number) => { return
  • {number}
    • ; }); ReactDOM.render(
      {updatedNums}
    , document.getElementById("root"));
    36
    참고 답변
    The key to answering this question is to be familiar with the role and the company. What is the company trying to achieve in the short term? What does the job description say they're looking for in a full-stack developer? Once you know this, you can cherry-pick instances from your past which demonstrate that you're the right person for this role. Let's say a company is looking for a full-stack developer who has e-commerce experience. If you've worked with e-commerce tools or transactional software, cite this as evidence that you're suited for the position you're applying for.
    37
    참고 답변
    The most important Full Stack interview questions and answers are designed to assess practical coding skills, problem-solving abilities, and technical knowledge relevant to real-world development work. The curated collection includes technical questions specific to Full Stack that test practical knowledge and problem-solving skills, code review scenarios focusing on best practices, optimization, and maintainability, structured problem-solving exercises that reveal how candidates approach complex problems and communicate their thought process, experience-based questions about past projects and technical decisions, team collaboration assessment scenarios, and technical deep dives into advanced topics and architectural questions that distinguish senior candidates from junior ones.
    38
    참고 답변
    Pair Programming refers to one of the fundamental aspects of extreme programming wherein two Developers work on the same terminal. The Developer responsible for writing the code is the "driver," whereas the Developer who reviews the code is called the "navigator."
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    This is not just about knowing SQL queries – it is about understanding database design and performance optimization. Share examples from your projects where you had to think about database efficiency. Why This Matters Poor database design can tank an otherwise great application. Employers want to know you understand this fundamental concept.
    40
    참고 답변
    Candidates should exhibit knowledge of state management patterns and libraries (like Redux, MobX, or the Context API in React applications), and understand the trade-offs of each approach.
    41
    참고 답변
    Express.js provides built-in error-handling mechanism with the help of the next() function. When an error occurs, you can pass it to the next middleware or route handler using the next() function. You can also add an error-handling middleware to your application that will be executed whenever an error occurs.
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    High Availability: Use load balancers to distribute traffic across multiple servers Set up redundancy with failover systems and multiple availability zones Use managed databases with replicas for disaster recovery Scalability: Implement horizontal scaling by adding more instances Use auto-scaling services like AWS Auto Scaling or Kubernetes Cache frequently accessed data (e.g., using Redis or Memcached) Other Best Practices: Optimize database queries and use indexing Implement rate limiting and throttling to handle surges
    43
    참고 답변
    There are two main ways to include CSS into your HTML, you can either do it "inline" or you can do it with the "style" tag. Inline: Add style directly in an HTML element. Internal: Use a
    Grandparent
    Parent
    Child (Click me)
    - When you click the child element, the event first triggers on the child, then bubbles up to the parent, and finally to the grandparent. - Using event.stopPropagation() inside an event listener prevents the event from propagating to parent elements.
    177
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    Spring Framework is an application container for Java that supplies many useful features, such as Inversion of Control, Dependency Injection, abstract data access, transaction management, and more
    178
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    Here are the following process-
    179
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    Index improves query speed by maintaining a smaller lookup structure. Example: CREATE INDEX idx_name ON students(name);
    180
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    This is a question you might get asked if you started off as a front-end developer, and then decided to study backend development. Tell the recruiter how you made that choice. It could be something as simple as wanting to work on something new, or a situation at work that required you to learn backend development.
    181
    참고 답변
    Feature | Block Elements | Inline Elements | |---|---|---| Display | Takes up the full width available | Takes up only the necessary width | Line Break | Starts on a new line | Stays in the same line with other elements | Common Examples |
    182
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    Candidates should illustrate creativity in problem-solving, the willingness to explore new technologies or methodologies, and the ability to apply them effectively.
    183
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    You can apply the “clear” property to elements when you want to correct floated elements. You can clear a float in three ways: left, right, and both. Let's say you want to clear the float that has been applied to header elements. You would type out the following CSS code to achieve that: header { clear: both; }
    184
    참고 답변
    Sharing code between files can expedite your development process. Here are some tools you can do that: - Bit - NPM libraries - Multi-package repositories
    185
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    This part delves into database fundamentals, covering relational databases (MySQL, PostgreSQL), NoSQL concepts, data sharding, and replication. We explore SQL queries, joins, subqueries, stored procedures, and ORM frameworks like Sequelize, providing examples to illustrate each concept.
    186
    참고 답변
    This assesses your awareness of data privacy, ethical coding practices, legal implications (like GDPR or CCPA), and your ability to advocate for user protection and responsible development within a product team. It highlights maturity beyond just implementing features.
    187
    참고 답변
    Cascading Style Sheet(CSS) is used to set the style in web pages that contain HTML elements. It sets the background color, font size, font family, color, … etc properties of elements on a web page. There are three types of CSS which are given below: - Inline CSS: Inline CSS contains the CSS property in the body section attached with the element known as inline CSS. This kind of style is specified within an HTML tag using the style attribute. - Internal or Embedded CSS: This can be used when a single HTML document must be styled uniquely. The CSS ruleset should be within the HTML file in the head section i.e the CSS is embedded within the HTML file. - External CSS: External CSS contains a separate CSS file which contains only style property with the help of tag attributes (For example class, id, heading, … etc). CSS property is written in a separate file with .css extension and should be linked to the HTML document using the link tag. This means that for each element, style can be set only once and that will be applied across web pages.
    188
    참고 답변
    Through versioning, using descriptive endpoints, and ensuring new changes don't alter the behavior of existing endpoints.
    189
    참고 답변
    A manifest file is a text file that tells the browser to cache certain files or webpages so that they can be used even in offline mode. HTML5 cache webpages by specifying manifest attribute in tag. All the web pages that contain manifest attributes or are specified in the manifest file will be cached whenever a user visits that page. Manifest files are saved with the .appcache extension. It always starts with the CACHE MANIFEST keyword and contains three sections: - CACHE: This section lists all the resources including webpages, CSS stylesheets, JavaScript files, and images that will be cached immediately after their first download. - NETWORK: This section lists all the resources that will never be cached. These resources can't be used in offline mode and always require a connection to the server. - FALLBACK: This section lists the fallback resources that will be used in case a page is not accessible. It specifies the primary resource that will be replaced with the fallback resource specified next to it in case of server connection failure.
    190
    참고 답변
    "I would start by conducting a thorough performance audit using tools like Google PageSpeed Insights and WebPageTest to identify bottlenecks. On the front-end, I would focus on optimizing images, minimizing HTTP requests by bundling CSS and JavaScript files, and leveraging browser caching. On the back-end, I would analyze database queries for inefficiencies, implement caching strategies, and consider using a CDN to distribute static assets. I would also ensure the website is mobile-friendly and responsive."
    191
    참고 답변
    The box-sizing CSS property defines how the user should calculate the total width and height of an element i.e. padding and borders, are to be included or not. Syntax box-sizing: content-box|border-box; Property Values - content-box: This is the default value of the box-sizing property. In this mode, the width and height properties include only the content. Border and padding are not included in it i.e if we set an element's width to 200 pixels, then the element's content box will be 200 pixels wide, and the width of any border or padding will be added to the final rendered width. - border-box: In this mode, the width and height properties include content, padding, and borders i.e if we set an element's width to 200 pixels, that 200 pixels will include any border or padding we added, and the content box will shrink to absorb that extra width. This typically makes it much easier to size elements.
    192
    참고 답변
    Relational Database | Non-Relational Database | It is used to handle data coming in low velocity. | It is used to handle data coming in high velocity. | It gives only read scalability. | It gives both read and write scalability. | It manages structured data. | It manages all type of data. | Data arrives from one or few locations. | Data arrives from many locations. | It supports complex transactions. | It supports simple transactions. | It has single point of failure. | No single point of failure. | It handles data in less volume. | It handles data in high volume. | support ACID properties compliance | doesn't support ACID properties | Deployed in vertical fashion. | Deployed in Horizontal fashion. |
    193
    참고 답변
    This part covers popular React.js topics, including component lifecycle, hooks, state management, and component design patterns. You'll also find questions related to performance optimization, props vs. state, and best practices for building efficient React applications.
    194
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    HSL: HSL stands for Hue, Saturation, and Lightness respectively. This format uses the cylindrical coordinate system. - Hue: Hue is the degree of the color wheel. Its value lies between 0 to 360 where 0 represents red, 120 represents green and 240 represents a blue color. - Saturation: It takes a percentage value, where 100% represents completely saturated, while 0% represents completely unsaturated (gray). - Lightness: It takes a percentage value, where 100% represents white, while 0% represents black. Syntax h1 { color:hsl(H, S, L); } Example CSS hsl color property

    GeeksforGeeks

    195
    참고 답변
    The Util module in node.js provides access to various utility functions. There are various utility modules available in the node.js module library. - OS Module: Operating System-based utility modules for node.js are provided by the OS module. - Path Module: The path module in node.js is used for transforming and handling various file paths. - DNS Module: DNS Module enables us to use the underlying Operating System name resolution functionalities. The actual DNS lookup is also performed by the DNS Module. - Net Module: Net Module in node.js is used for the creation of both client and server. Similar to DNS Module this module also provides an asynchronous network wrapper.
    196
    참고 답변
    You cannot work with the technology and expect not to encounter issues. It's impossible. Your potential employer wants to see if you acknowledge your mistakes and are honest regarding your work. Talk about any mistake you committed during your work and explain how you fixed it. Tell them how collaboration has contributed to your learning. In other words, follow “One of the biggest mistakes I made….” with “It made me realise the role collaboration plays in minimising project errors and optimising processes.”
    197
    참고 답변
    This article focuses on server-side JavaScript with Node.js, including setting up an Express server, handling HTTP requests and responses, managing HTTP headers, and working with WebSockets for real-time applications. We also explore middleware functions, routing, and RESTful API best practices.
    198
    참고 답변
    CSS preprocessors like SASS and LESS extend CSS with features like variables, nesting, mixins, and functions. Advantages include improved code maintainability, reusability, and reduced repetition. Disadvantages include added compilation step, potential complexity, and debugging challenges if generated CSS is large.
    199
    참고 답변
    Web components are a set of web platform APIs allowing developers to create custom, reusable, and encapsulated HTML tags for web pages and apps. The main technologies involved include: Custom Elements; Shadow DOM; HTML templates; ES Modules. Web components enable developers to build UI components that they can reuse across different projects without conflict with other parts of the code or third-party libraries.
    200
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    - Process: A process is an independent program in execution with its own memory space. It is heavier and slower than a thread. - Thread: A thread is a lightweight sub-unit of a process, sharing the same memory space. Threads are faster and more efficient than processes because they can work concurrently within the same process.
    

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