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20+ Years of Online IT Training

SPOTO was founded in 2003. We focus on online IT training for 20+ years and covers Cisco, PMP, CISSP, AWS and other popular IT exams.

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We have a huge CCIE Tutors team to support our candidates to prepare and pass the Cisco exam fast and easily. 7/24 CCIE Instructors online support.

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SPOTO aims to help our candidates to get IT certified and enhance the technical knowledge and skills. Advance their career and boost salary in IT industry.

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SPOTO tutors offer latest and valid IT exam questions and answers from real exam to help you go through the exams fast and easily.

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Ethernet Switch vs. Router vs. Hub: What Each Device Actually Does

Walk into any office supply store or browse a networking aisle online, and you’ll find hubs, switches, and routers sitting near each other — all boxes with Ethernet ports, all seemingly interchangeable. They’re not. Each device handles network traffic in a fundamentally different way, and picking the wrong one can mean anything from a minor... » read more

What Is a Travel Router? Why Frequent Travelers Rely on One

If you’ve ever fought with a hotel’s Wi-Fi login screen on five different devices, or wished you could plug your smart TV into a network that doesn’t exist yet, a travel router solves that problem. It’s a small, portable device that turns almost any internet source — hotel Wi-Fi, an Ethernet jack, a mobile hotspot... » read more

What Is WAN on a Router?

If you’ve ever looked at the back of your router and wondered why one port is labeled differently from all the others — often just “WAN” or sometimes “Internet” — that single port is doing a fundamentally different job than every other port on the device. Understanding what WAN actually means, and why plugging a... » read more

What Is the Purpose of a Router?

Almost every home with internet access has a router sitting somewhere, usually blinking quietly and mostly ignored — until it stops working and suddenly nothing in the house can get online. Understanding what a router actually does, and how it’s different from the modem or switch it often gets confused with, makes both buying the... » read more

What Is a Packet Switching Network?

What Is Packet Switching and How Does It Work Packet switching is a method of transmitting data across a network by breaking it into small, discrete units called packets, sending each one independently, and reassembling them at the destination. Here’s the mechanism behind it, step by step: Data gets broken into packets. Before transmission, a... » read more