{"id":255,"date":"2020-04-03T10:40:35","date_gmt":"2020-04-03T02:40:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/?p=255"},"modified":"2024-11-05T14:08:10","modified_gmt":"2024-11-05T06:08:10","slug":"what-is-ospf-lsa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/what-is-ospf-lsa_255.html","title":{"rendered":"What Is OSPF LSA?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>1. Why do we need LSA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If we want to know what LSA is, we have to start with Packets. OSPF uses a total of 5 packets to establish a neighbor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-256\" src=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/1.png\" alt=\"What LSA is\" width=\"743\" height=\"537\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/1.png 743w, https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/1-300x217.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 743px) 100vw, 743px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The first Packages are HELLO:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Establish and maintain OSPF neighbor relationships. Hello packets are sent periodically (by default, 10 seconds) to neighboring router interfaces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If the Hello packet sent by the OSPF router of the other party is not received within a fixed time (default 40 seconds, usually at least 4 times indirect of the Hello packet sending time), the local router will consider the other router invalid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The second Packets is DBD:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That is, the link-state database description information &#8212; The link-state database description information is exchanged between the two routers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><p>DBD Packets are exchanged for database synchronization when two OSPF routers initiate a connection<\/p>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-1\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1 odd\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Categories<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Exam Code<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Pass Exam Dumps<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2 even\">\n\t<td rowspan=\"3\" class=\"column-1\">CCNA<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">200-301<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/tb.53kf.com\/code\/client\/10172212\/1?custom_channel=ccieblogna\"><img src=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/get-now-1-1.jpg\" alt=\"CCNA 200-301\"><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-2\">200-901 DevNet<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/tb.53kf.com\/code\/client\/10172212\/1?custom_channel=ccieblogna\"><img src=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/get-now-1-1.jpg\" alt=\"200-901 DevNet\"><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-2\">200-201 Cyber Ops<\/td><td class=\"column-3\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/tb.53kf.com\/code\/client\/10172212\/1?custom_channel=ccieblogna\"><img src=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/get-now-1-1.jpg\" alt=\"200-201 Cyber Ops\"><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1 from cache -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/tb.53kf.com\/code\/client\/10172212\/1?custom_channel=chenjia\" rel=\"nofollow\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1863\" src=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/get-100-real-dump.gif\" alt=\"get 100% real dumps\" width=\"397\" height=\"115\"><\/a><\/p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The third package is LSR<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Link state request-request link state information from OSPF neighbors<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>LSR Packets are used to request part of the data in the link-state database of neighboring routers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After the two routers have exchanged DBD Packets with each other, they know which LSAs of the peer routers do not have in the LSDB, and which LSAs have expired, then they need to send an LSR Packets to request the required LSA from the other party.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The fourth Packets is LSU<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That is, link-state update &#8212; update one or more LSAs, eigrp and rip are specific routing entries when updating routes, and two OSPF routers are updating LSAs, LSA is a route that specifically describes link status the way. LSU Packets is used to send the required LSAs to the peer router at the request of LSR Packets. The content is a complete set of multiple LSAs. The content of the LSU Packets includes the total number of LSAs sent and the complete content of each LSA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The fifth Packets is LSAck<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>LSAck Packets are the acknowledgment packets sent by the router after receiving the LSU Packets from the peer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2.<\/strong><strong>LSA Types <\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At present, there are 11 types of LSAs in OSPF, but at present, there are only 6 types of lsa that are commonly used or CCIE exams.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the picture below, you need to know the type of the specific description name of each lsa<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-257\" src=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/2-1024x863.jpg\" alt=\"LSA Type\" width=\"1024\" height=\"863\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/2-1024x863.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/2-300x253.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/2-768x647.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/2.jpg 1028w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>LSA <\/strong><strong>Detailed:<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Type 1&#8211;Router LSAs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Each router in the area generates a Router LSA, which includes all direct link information. Each direct link information describing the router contains link information such as link type, IP prefix and mask, and metric. The source router (publishing router) is identified by the Router ID. It only floods in the area and does not cross the ABR.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-258\" src=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/3.jpg\" alt=\"Router LSAs\" width=\"996\" height=\"634\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/3.jpg 996w, https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/3-300x191.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/3-768x489.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 996px) 100vw, 996px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Producer: <\/strong>All routers<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Role: <\/strong>Announce the information of its direct connection port<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Scope of announcement: <\/strong>only in this area<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Note: <\/strong>In networks that need to elect a DR, the type 1 LSA does not include a mask.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-259\" src=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/4.jpg\" alt=\"success code\" width=\"958\" height=\"498\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/4.jpg 958w, https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/4-300x156.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/4-768x399.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 958px) 100vw, 958px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Type2&#8211;Network LSAs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Network LSAs have a premise that they must appear under the broadcast multiple access network \/ broadcast multiple access networks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The DR routers on this network generate a network LSA, which contains the multi-access link (list of all directly connected routers, the subnet mask of the link), floods only in the area, and does not cross the ABR<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-260\" src=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5.jpg\" alt=\"Network LSAs\" width=\"1006\" height=\"622\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5.jpg 1006w, https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5-300x185.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5-768x475.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1006px) 100vw, 1006px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-261\" src=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/6.jpg\" alt=\"success code\" width=\"956\" height=\"578\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/6.jpg 956w, https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/6-300x181.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/6-768x464.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 956px) 100vw, 956px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Produced by: <\/strong>DR<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Purpose:<\/strong> Notification mask<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Scope of announcement: <\/strong>only in this area<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Type-3 Summary LSAs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Type 3 LSAs are generated by ABR area border routers and are used to flood the routing information calculated by the LSAs generated in this area to other areas-describing the network number and mask of the link.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The three types of LSAs carry routing information, and routes are not summarized. Type 3 LSAs will be advertised to each subnet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-262\" src=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/7.jpg\" alt=\"Summary LSAs\" width=\"526\" height=\"332\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/7.jpg 526w, https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/7-300x189.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 526px) 100vw, 526px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-263\" src=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/8.jpg\" alt=\"success code\" width=\"784\" height=\"424\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/8.jpg 784w, https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/8-300x162.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/8-768x415.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 784px) 100vw, 784px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Produced by: <\/strong>ABR<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Role: <\/strong>Summarize categories 1 and 2 in this area and notify to other areas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Announcement scope: <\/strong>the entire OSPF network<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Note: <\/strong>The essence is routing information, which has the characteristics of distance vectors. Non-zero areas are prohibited from directly transmitting Type 3 LSA<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Type-<\/strong><strong>5<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;Autonomous system external LSA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>External (type 5) LSA is used to announce the information from other external networks (outside world AS).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Type 5 LSA originates from ASBR and is advertised by ASBR. Type 5 LSAs transmit routing information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Type 5 LSAs are flooded throughout the autonomous system. The advertised router ID (ASBR) does not change throughout the autonomous system flood.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Type 4 LSAs are used to find ASBRs. By default, routes are not summarized.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-264\" src=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/9-1024x626.jpg\" alt=\"Autonomous system external LSA\" width=\"1024\" height=\"626\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/9-1024x626.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/9-300x183.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/9-768x469.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/9.jpg 1096w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-265\" src=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/10.jpg\" alt=\"success code\" width=\"956\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/10.jpg 956w, https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/10-300x226.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/10-768x578.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 956px) 100vw, 956px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Produced by: <\/strong>ASBR<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Role: <\/strong>Advertise external routing information<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Announcement scope: <\/strong>the entire OSPF network<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Type-4 Summary LSAs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Category 5 LSAs only advertise the entire as 65001 networks to the outside world routes, but for other areas, such as AREA 0 and AREA 2, only the outside world is known, but the specific exit location of the outside world is not known, so type 4 LSA are used to notify ASBR specific locations to other areas throughout the home-made system,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Type 4 LSA is generated by the ABR in the starting area. Flooded by other ABRs to the entire autonomous system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Type 4 LSA contains the router ID of the ASBR. The Type 4 LSA follows the anti-ring mechanism of the Type 3 LSA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-266\" src=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/11-1024x637.jpg\" alt=\"Summary LSAs\" width=\"1024\" height=\"637\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/11-1024x637.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/11-300x187.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/11-768x477.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/11.jpg 1052w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-267\" src=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/12.jpg\" alt=\"success code\" width=\"958\" height=\"582\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/12.jpg 958w, https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/12-300x182.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/12-768x467.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 958px) 100vw, 958px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Produced by: <\/strong>ABR in the ASBR area<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Role: <\/strong>Announce ASBR location<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Announcement scope: <\/strong>the entire OSPF network<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Type-7 &nbsp;<\/strong><strong>Defined for not-so-stubby areas<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>NSSA External (type 7) LSA is used to advertise information from other external networks in the NSSA area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Type 7 LSA originates from ASBRs in the NSSA area and is advertised. Type 7 LSAs carry routing information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Type 7 LSA floods in the NSSA area. When the entire autonomous system is flooded across the NSSA area boundary, it is converted from ABR to type 5 LSA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Type 4 LSA does not exist in the NSSA area to find the ASBR, instead of the Forwarding Address.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When the Forwarding Address in other areas is unreachable, the route passed by the seven-to-five LSA will not be written into the routing table.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-268\" src=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/13-1024x651.jpg\" alt=\"\u00a0Defined for not-so-stubby areas\" width=\"1024\" height=\"651\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/13-1024x651.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/13-300x191.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/13-768x488.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/13.jpg 1060w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-269\" src=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/14.jpg\" alt=\"success code\" width=\"962\" height=\"686\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/14.jpg 962w, https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/14-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/14-768x548.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 962px) 100vw, 962px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Produced by: <\/strong>ASBR<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Role: <\/strong>Advertise external routing information<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Announcement scope: <\/strong>NSSA area<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><p>We have more theoretical materials and experimental documents here, if you need, please leave your information on the website, we will send the materials to you<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tb.53kf.com\/code\/client\/10172212\/1?custom_channel=chenjia\" rel=\"nofollow\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1863\" src=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/get-100-real-dump.gif\" alt=\"get 100% real dumps\" width=\"397\" height=\"115\"><\/a><\/figure>\n<h2><strong>Latest passing report-100% pass guarantee<\/strong><\/h2>\n<style id=\"bwg-style-0\">    #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .bwg-container-0.bwg-standard-thumbnails {      width: 1254px;              justify-content: center;        margin:0 auto !important;              background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.00);            padding-left: 4px;      padding-top: 4px;      max-width: 100%;            }        #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .bwg-container-0.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-item {      justify-content: flex-start;      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scale(1.08);\t\t\ttransform: scale(1.08);\t\t}\t\t\t\t.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-zoom-effect .bwg-zoom-effect-overlay {\t\t\t\t\t\tbackground-color:rgba(0,0,0, 0.3);\t\t}\t\t.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-zoom-effect:hover img {\t\t\t-ms-transform: scale(1.08);\t\t\t-webkit-transform: scale(1.08);\t\t\ttransform: scale(1.08);\t\t}\t\t      }\t    #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .bwg-container-0.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-item1 {      padding-top: 56%;    }        #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .bwg-container-0.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-title1 {      position: absolute;      top: 0;      z-index: 100;      width: 100%;      height: 100%;      display: flex;      justify-content: center;      align-content: center;      flex-direction: column;      opacity: 0;    }\t      #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .bwg-container-0.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-title2,    #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .bwg-container-0.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-ecommerce2 {      color: #FFFFFF;      font-family: Ubuntu;      font-size: 16px;      font-weight: bold;      padding: 2px;      text-shadow: ;      max-height: 100%;    }    #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .bwg-container-0.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-thumb-description span {    color: #323A45;    font-family: Ubuntu;    font-size: 12px;    max-height: 100%;    word-wrap: break-word;    }    #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .bwg-container-0.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-play-icon2 {      font-size: 32px;    }    #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .bwg-container-0.bwg-standard-thumbnails .bwg-ecommerce2 {      font-size: 19.2px;      color: #323A45;    }    <\/style>    <div id=\"bwg_container1_0\"         class=\"bwg_container bwg_thumbnail bwg_thumbnails\"         data-right-click-protection=\"0\"         data-bwg=\"0\"         data-gallery-type=\"thumbnails\"         data-current-url=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/255\"         data-lightbox-url=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php?action=GalleryBox&current_view=0&gallery_id=1&tag=0&theme_id=1&shortcode_id=41&sort_by=order&order_by=asc&current_url=https%3A%2F%2Fcciedump.spoto.net%2Fblog%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F255\"         data-gallery-id=\"1\"         data-popup-width=\"800\"         data-popup-height=\"500\"         data-is-album=\"gallery\"         data-buttons-position=\"bottom\">      <div id=\"bwg_container2_0\">             <div id=\"ajax_loading_0\" class=\"bwg_loading_div_1\">      <div class=\"bwg_loading_div_2\">        <div class=\"bwg_loading_div_3\">          <div id=\"loading_div_0\" class=\"bwg_spider_ajax_loading\">          <\/div>        <\/div>      <\/div>    <\/div>            <form id=\"gal_front_form_0\"              class=\"bwg-hidden\"              method=\"post\"              action=\"#\"              data-current=\"0\"              data-shortcode-id=\"41\"              data-gallery-type=\"thumbnails\"              data-gallery-id=\"1\"              data-tag=\"0\"              data-album-id=\"0\"              data-theme-id=\"1\"              data-ajax-url=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php?action=bwg_frontend_data\">          <div id=\"bwg_container3_0\" class=\"bwg-background bwg-background-0\">                <div data-max-count=\"5\"         data-thumbnail-width=\"250\"         data-bwg=\"0\"         data-gallery-id=\"1\"         data-lightbox-url=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php?action=GalleryBox&current_view=0&gallery_id=1&tag=0&theme_id=1&shortcode_id=41&sort_by=order&order_by=asc&current_url=https%3A%2F%2Fcciedump.spoto.net%2Fblog%2Fwp-json%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F255\"         id=\"bwg_thumbnails_0\"         class=\"bwg-container-0 bwg-thumbnails bwg-standard-thumbnails bwg-container bwg-border-box\">            <div class=\"bwg-item\">        <a class=\"bwg-a bwg_lightbox\"  data-image-id=\"245\" href=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/72021-11-06NSE4_FGT64.jpg?bwg=1636698919\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"no\" >                <div class=\"bwg-item0 \">          <div class=\"bwg-item1 bwg-zoom-effect\">            <div class=\"bwg-item2\">              <img class=\"skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_0 \"                   data-id=\"245\"                   data-width=\"500\"                   data-height=\"350\"                   data-original=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/thumb\/72021-11-06NSE4_FGT64.jpg?bwg=1636698919\"                   src=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/thumb\/72021-11-06NSE4_FGT64.jpg?bwg=1636698919\"                   alt=\"72021-11-06NSE4 FGT64\" \/>            <\/div>            <div class=\"bwg-zoom-effect-overlay\">              <div class=\"bwg-title1\"><div class=\"bwg-title2\">72021-11-06NSE4 FGT64<\/div><\/div>                                        <\/div>          <\/div>        <\/div>                        <\/a>              <\/div>            <div class=\"bwg-item\">        <a class=\"bwg-a bwg_lightbox\"  data-image-id=\"244\" href=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/92021-11-09AZ-303.jpg?bwg=1636698919\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"no\" >                <div class=\"bwg-item0 \">          <div class=\"bwg-item1 bwg-zoom-effect\">            <div class=\"bwg-item2\">              <img class=\"skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_0 \"                   data-id=\"244\"                   data-width=\"500\"                   data-height=\"350\"                   data-original=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/thumb\/92021-11-09AZ-303.jpg?bwg=1636698919\"                   src=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/thumb\/92021-11-09AZ-303.jpg?bwg=1636698919\"                   alt=\"92021-11-09AZ-303\" \/>            <\/div>            <div class=\"bwg-zoom-effect-overlay\">              <div class=\"bwg-title1\"><div class=\"bwg-title2\">92021-11-09AZ-303<\/div><\/div>                                        <\/div>          <\/div>        <\/div>                        <\/a>              <\/div>            <div class=\"bwg-item\">        <a class=\"bwg-a bwg_lightbox\"  data-image-id=\"243\" href=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/62021-11-04F5-101.jpg?bwg=1636698919\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"no\" >                <div class=\"bwg-item0 \">          <div class=\"bwg-item1 bwg-zoom-effect\">            <div class=\"bwg-item2\">              <img class=\"skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_0 \"                   data-id=\"243\"                   data-width=\"500\"                   data-height=\"350\"                   data-original=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/thumb\/62021-11-04F5-101.jpg?bwg=1636698919\"                   src=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/thumb\/62021-11-04F5-101.jpg?bwg=1636698919\"                   alt=\"62021-11-04F5-101\" \/>            <\/div>            <div class=\"bwg-zoom-effect-overlay\">              <div class=\"bwg-title1\"><div class=\"bwg-title2\">62021-11-04F5-101<\/div><\/div>                                        <\/div>          <\/div>        <\/div>                        <\/a>              <\/div>            <div class=\"bwg-item\">        <a class=\"bwg-a bwg_lightbox\"  data-image-id=\"242\" href=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/42021-11-09350-401.jpg?bwg=1636698919\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"no\" >                <div class=\"bwg-item0 \">          <div class=\"bwg-item1 bwg-zoom-effect\">            <div class=\"bwg-item2\">              <img class=\"skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_0 \"                   data-id=\"242\"                   data-width=\"500\"                   data-height=\"350\"                   data-original=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/thumb\/42021-11-09350-401.jpg?bwg=1636698919\"                   src=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/thumb\/42021-11-09350-401.jpg?bwg=1636698919\"                   alt=\"42021-11-09350-401\" \/>            <\/div>            <div class=\"bwg-zoom-effect-overlay\">              <div class=\"bwg-title1\"><div class=\"bwg-title2\">42021-11-09350-401<\/div><\/div>                                        <\/div>          <\/div>        <\/div>                        <\/a>              <\/div>            <div class=\"bwg-item\">        <a class=\"bwg-a bwg_lightbox\"  data-image-id=\"241\" href=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/142021-11-01PCNSE.jpg?bwg=1636698919\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"no\" >                <div class=\"bwg-item0 \">          <div class=\"bwg-item1 bwg-zoom-effect\">            <div class=\"bwg-item2\">              <img class=\"skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_0 \"                   data-id=\"241\"                   data-width=\"500\"                   data-height=\"350\"                   data-original=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/thumb\/142021-11-01PCNSE.jpg?bwg=1636698919\"                   src=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/thumb\/142021-11-01PCNSE.jpg?bwg=1636698919\"                   alt=\"142021-11-01PCNSE\" \/>            <\/div>            <div class=\"bwg-zoom-effect-overlay\">              <div class=\"bwg-title1\"><div class=\"bwg-title2\">142021-11-01PCNSE<\/div><\/div>                                  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         <\/div>            <div class=\"bwg-zoom-effect-overlay\">              <div class=\"bwg-title1\"><div class=\"bwg-title2\">42021-11-08N10-007<\/div><\/div>                                        <\/div>          <\/div>        <\/div>                        <\/a>              <\/div>            <div class=\"bwg-item\">        <a class=\"bwg-a bwg_lightbox\"  data-image-id=\"239\" href=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/1311.9EIlab.jpg?bwg=1636698919\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"no\" >                <div class=\"bwg-item0 \">          <div class=\"bwg-item1 bwg-zoom-effect\">            <div class=\"bwg-item2\">              <img class=\"skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_0 \"                   data-id=\"239\"                   data-width=\"500\"                   data-height=\"350\"                   data-original=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/thumb\/1311.9EIlab.jpg?bwg=1636698919\"                   src=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/thumb\/1311.9EIlab.jpg?bwg=1636698919\"                   alt=\"1311.9EIlab\" \/>            <\/div>            <div class=\"bwg-zoom-effect-overlay\">              <div class=\"bwg-title1\"><div class=\"bwg-title2\">1311.9EIlab<\/div><\/div>                                        <\/div>          <\/div>        <\/div>                        <\/a>              <\/div>            <div class=\"bwg-item\">        <a class=\"bwg-a bwg_lightbox\"  data-image-id=\"238\" href=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/122021-11-10350-701.jpg?bwg=1636698919\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"no\" >                <div class=\"bwg-item0 \">          <div class=\"bwg-item1 bwg-zoom-effect\">            <div class=\"bwg-item2\">              <img class=\"skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_0 \"                   data-id=\"238\"                   data-width=\"500\"                   data-height=\"350\"                   data-original=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/thumb\/122021-11-10350-701.jpg?bwg=1636698919\"                   src=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/thumb\/122021-11-10350-701.jpg?bwg=1636698919\"                   alt=\"122021-11-10350-701\" \/>            <\/div>            <div class=\"bwg-zoom-effect-overlay\">              <div class=\"bwg-title1\"><div class=\"bwg-title2\">122021-11-10350-701<\/div><\/div>                                        <\/div>          <\/div>        <\/div>                        <\/a>              <\/div>            <div class=\"bwg-item\">        <a class=\"bwg-a bwg_lightbox\"  data-image-id=\"237\" href=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/102021-11-09200-301.jpg?bwg=1636698919\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"no\" >                <div class=\"bwg-item0 \">          <div class=\"bwg-item1 bwg-zoom-effect\">            <div class=\"bwg-item2\">              <img class=\"skip-lazy bwg_standart_thumb_img_0 \"                   data-id=\"237\"                   data-width=\"500\"                   data-height=\"350\"                   data-original=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/thumb\/102021-11-09200-301.jpg?bwg=1636698919\"                   src=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/photo-gallery\/thumb\/102021-11-09200-301.jpg?bwg=1636698919\"                   alt=\"102021-11-09200-301\" \/>            <\/div>            <div class=\"bwg-zoom-effect-overlay\">              <div class=\"bwg-title1\"><div class=\"bwg-title2\">102021-11-09200-301<\/div><\/div>                                        <\/div>          <\/div>        <\/div>                        <\/a>              <\/div>          <\/div>    <style>      \/*pagination styles*\/      #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .tablenav-pages_0 {\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\t\t\t\tfont-size: 12px;\t\t\t\tfont-family: Ubuntu;\t\t\t\tfont-weight: bold;\t\t\t\tcolor: #666666;\t\t\t\tmargin: 6px 0 4px;\t\t\t\tdisplay: block;      }      @media only screen and (max-width : 320px) {      #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .displaying-num_0 {     \t display: none;      }      }      #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .displaying-num_0 {\t\t\t\tfont-size: 12px;\t\t\t\tfont-family: Ubuntu;\t\t\t\tfont-weight: bold;\t\t\t\tcolor: #666666;\t\t\t\tmargin-right: 10px;\t\t\t\tvertical-align: middle;      }      #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .paging-input_0 {\t\t\t\tfont-size: 12px;\t\t\t\tfont-family: Ubuntu;\t\t\t\tfont-weight: bold;\t\t\t\tcolor: #666666;\t\t\t\tvertical-align: middle;      }      #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .tablenav-pages_0 a.disabled,      #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .tablenav-pages_0 a.disabled:hover,      #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .tablenav-pages_0 a.disabled:focus,\t\t\t#bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .tablenav-pages_0 input.bwg_current_page {\t\t\t\tcursor: default;\t\t\t\tcolor: rgba(102, 102, 102, 0.5);      }      #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .tablenav-pages_0 a,      #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .tablenav-pages_0 input.bwg_current_page {\t\t\t\tcursor: pointer;\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\t\t\t\tfont-size: 12px;\t\t\t\tfont-family: Ubuntu;\t\t\t\tfont-weight: bold;\t\t\t\tcolor: #666666;\t\t\t\ttext-decoration: none;\t\t\t\tpadding: 3px 6px;\t\t\t\tmargin: 0;\t\t\t\tborder-radius: 0;\t\t\t\tborder-style: solid;\t\t\t\tborder-width: 1px;\t\t\t\tborder-color: #E3E3E3;\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #FFFFFF;\t\t\t\topacity: 1.00;\t\t\t\tbox-shadow: 0;\t\t\t\ttransition: all 0.3s ease 0s;-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease 0s;      }      <\/style>      <span class=\"bwg_nav_cont_0\">              <div class=\"tablenav-pages_0\">                  <\/div>                <input type=\"hidden\" id=\"page_number_0\" name=\"page_number_0\" value=\"1\" \/>      <script type=\"text\/javascript\">        function spider_page_0(cur, x, y, load_more) {          if (typeof load_more == \"undefined\") {            var load_more = false;          }          if (jQuery(cur).hasClass('disabled')) {            return false;          }          var items_county_0 = 1;          switch (y) {            case 1:              if (x >= items_county_0) {                document.getElementById('page_number_0').value = items_county_0;              }              else {                document.getElementById('page_number_0').value = x + 1;              }              break;            case 2:              document.getElementById('page_number_0').value = items_county_0;              break;            case -1:              if (x == 1) {                document.getElementById('page_number_0').value = 1;              }              else {                document.getElementById('page_number_0').value = x - 1;              }              break;            case -2:              document.getElementById('page_number_0').value = 1;              break;\t\t\t\t\t\tcase 0:              document.getElementById('page_number_0').value = x;              break;            default:              document.getElementById('page_number_0').value = 1;          }          bwg_ajax('gal_front_form_0', '0', 'bwg_thumbnails_0', '0', '', 'gallery', 0, '', '', load_more, '', 1);        }                    jQuery('.first-page-0').on('click', function () {              spider_page_0(this, 1, -2, 'numeric');              return false;            });            jQuery('.prev-page-0').on('click', function () {              spider_page_0(this, 1, -1, 'numeric');              return false;            });            jQuery('.next-page-0').on('click', function () {              spider_page_0(this, 1, 1, 'numeric');              return false;            });            jQuery('.last-page-0').on('click', function () {              spider_page_0(this, 1, 2, 'numeric');              return false;            });        \t\t\t\t\/* Change page on input enter. *\/        function bwg_change_page_0( e, that ) {          if (  e.key == 'Enter' ) {            var to_page = parseInt(jQuery(that).val());            var pages_count = jQuery(that).parents(\".pagination-links\").data(\"pages-count\");            var current_url_param = jQuery(that).attr('data-url-info');            if (to_page > pages_count) {              to_page = 1;            }\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tspider_page_0(this, to_page, 0, 'numeric');\t\t\t\t\t\t\treturn false;\t\t\t\t\t\t          }          return true;        }        jQuery('.bwg_load_btn_0').on('click', function () {            spider_page_0(this, 1, 1, true);            return false;        });      <\/script>      <\/span>                <\/div>        <\/form>          <style>          #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 #spider_popup_overlay_0 {          background-color: #EEEEEE;          opacity: 0.60;          }          <\/style>        <div id=\"bwg_spider_popup_loading_0\" class=\"bwg_spider_popup_loading\"><\/div>        <div id=\"spider_popup_overlay_0\" class=\"spider_popup_overlay\" onclick=\"spider_destroypopup(1000)\"><\/div>        <input type=\"hidden\" id=\"bwg_random_seed_0\" value=\"228394235\">                <\/div>    <\/div>    <script>      if (document.readyState === 'complete') {        if( typeof bwg_main_ready == 'function' ) {          if ( jQuery(\"#bwg_container1_0\").height() ) {            bwg_main_ready(jQuery(\"#bwg_container1_0\"));          }        }      } else {        document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {          if( typeof bwg_main_ready == 'function' ) {            if ( jQuery(\"#bwg_container1_0\").height() ) {             bwg_main_ready(jQuery(\"#bwg_container1_0\"));            }          }        });      }    <\/script>    \n<p><strong>Recommend CCNA exam study materials:<\/strong><\/p>\n<h5 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