{"id":2951,"date":"2025-01-03T07:26:28","date_gmt":"2025-01-03T07:26:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/arabicblog\/blog\/%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d9%88%d8%ad%d9%81%d8%b8-%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%ad%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a8-pmp-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%8a\/"},"modified":"2025-01-03T07:26:28","modified_gmt":"2025-01-03T07:26:28","slug":"%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d9%88%d8%ad%d9%81%d8%b8-%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%ad%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a8-pmp-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/arabicblog\/blog\/%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d9%88%d8%ad%d9%81%d8%b8-%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%ad%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a8-pmp-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%8a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 PMP \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 PMP\u061f 30 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 (\u0648\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629) \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 PMP 2024<br \/>\n\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639. \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629<br \/>\n\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a PMP \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 (EV). \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0627. \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 (BAC).<br \/>\n\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\nEV = \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0632 * BAC<br \/>\n\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 200,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631. \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 30% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0636\u0631\u0628 30% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 30% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a 200,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639<br \/>\nEV = 30% * 200,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a = 60,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a<br \/>\n\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<br \/>\n\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0631\u0623 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629.<br \/>\n\u0648\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646<br \/>\n\u062c = \u0646 (\u0646 (\u0646-1) \/ 2<br \/>\n\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629\u060c N \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642. \u0648\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0636\u0631\u0628 N \u0641\u064a (N-1)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 2.<br \/>\n\u0644\u0646\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a 10 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642. \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u064a<br \/>\nC = 10 (10-1) \/ 2 = 45<br \/>\n\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0648 45 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a.<br \/>\n\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<br \/>\n\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 (CV) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 (AC) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 (EV). \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a.<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 = EV AC<br \/>\n\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 70,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0632 55,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a. \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0648:<br \/>\ncv = 70,000 $ 70,000 $ 55,000 $ = 15,000 $ 15,000<br \/>\n\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\n\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a<br \/>\n\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647. \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0629 (PV) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 (EV). \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a.<br \/>\nSV = EV PV<br \/>\n\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 60,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0629 50,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a. \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a:<br \/>\nSV = 60,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a 50,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a = 10,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a<br \/>\n\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628. \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a.<br \/>\n\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<br \/>\n\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 (EV) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647. \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u064a<br \/>\n\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 = EV \/ AC<br \/>\n\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 60,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0632 45,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a. \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0648<br \/>\n\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 = 50,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \/ 45,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 = 1.33<br \/>\n\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 1\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 1\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\n\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a<br \/>\n\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a PMP \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a (SPI) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 (EV) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0629 (PV) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f. \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 SPI\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\nSPI = EV \/ PV<br \/>\n\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 70,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0632 \u0647\u064a 55,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631. \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 SPI \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0648<br \/>\nspi = 70,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \/ 55,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 = 1.27<br \/>\n\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 1\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a.<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644<br \/>\nEAC\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 (AC) \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 (BAC) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 (EV) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 (CPI). \u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u060c \u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 EAC.<br \/>\nEAC = AC + (BAC EV) \/ CPI<br \/>\n\u0644\u0646\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 200,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 60,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 50,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 2.00. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646:<br \/>\nEAC = 50,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 + (200,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 60,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631) \/ 2.00 = 95,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644<br \/>\n\u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644.<br \/>\nVAC = BAC EAC<br \/>\n\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 200,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 105,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646<br \/>\n\u0634\u0627\u063a\u0631 = 200,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 105,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 = 95,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631<br \/>\n\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\n\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644<br \/>\n\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<br \/>\n\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0628\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 (ETC). \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 (AC) \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 (BAC). \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632.<br \/>\nETC = BAC AC<br \/>\n\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 90,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 75,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a. \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0648:<br \/>\n\u0625\u0644\u062e = 90,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 75,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 = 15,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631<br \/>\n\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 (TCPI)<br \/>\n\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u064a TCPI \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 TCPI \u0647\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a.<br \/>\nTCPI = BAC \/ \u0625\u0644\u062e<br \/>\nBAC = \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644<br \/>\nETC = \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644<br \/>\n\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 80,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 65,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 TCPI \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646<br \/>\nTCPI = 80,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \/ 65,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 = 1.23<br \/>\n\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 TCPI 1. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 1 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 1 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\n\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0645<br \/>\n\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 (ES) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 (EF) \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0629 (LS) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0629 (LF) \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637. \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 TF \u0647\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a.<br \/>\nTF = LS ES = LF EF<br \/>\n\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646<br \/>\nTF = \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 3 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 3 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 1 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 1 = \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 6 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 4 = 2 \u064a\u0648\u0645<br \/>\n\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a PERT<br \/>\nPERT\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<br \/>\n\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629.<br \/>\n\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0647\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<br \/>\n\u0647\u0640 = (\u0633 + 4 \u0645 + \u0639) \/ 6<br \/>\n\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 E \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 O \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 M \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 P \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629.<br \/>\n\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0648 4 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0647\u0648 6 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646:<br \/>\nE = (2 + 4 + 4 + 6) \/ 6 = 4 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645<br \/>\n\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631<br \/>\n\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 (RPN) \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 (O) \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 (I) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a.<br \/>\n\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 = O \u00d7 I<br \/>\n\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 1 \u0625\u0644\u0649 10. \u0644\u0646\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 6 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 7. \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0647\u0648<br \/>\n\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 = 6 \u00d7 7 = 42<br \/>\n\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627.<br \/>\n\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<br \/>\n\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 (BCR) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0647. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\nBCR = \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \/ \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641<br \/>\n\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\n\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644.<br \/>\n\u0639\u0644\u0649 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\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 (CPFF) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0647. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644.<br \/>\n\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 500,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0645. \u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0647\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647 100,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631.<br \/>\n\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 600,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0642\u062f CPFF (500,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 100,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0643\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629). \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639.<br \/>\n\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 (CPIF)<br \/>\n\u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644. \u062a\u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<br \/>\n\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 (ROI)<br \/>\n\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0631\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631. \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 = (\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \/ \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629) \u00d7 100<br \/>\n\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647. \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a.<br \/>\n\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637.<br \/>\n\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u062a 10,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 500 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 11,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 1000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 10000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631. \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 = (1,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \/ 10,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631) \u00d7 100 = 10%<br \/>\n\u064a\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631. \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0645. \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a.<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<br \/>\n\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0631\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631. \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 = \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \/ (1 + \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0645)^ \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a<br \/>\n\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a. \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a 5.<br \/>\n\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<br \/>\n\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a (PTA) \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 PTA \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0628\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<br \/>\n\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647.<br \/>\nPTA = (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0628\u062f\u0629 + \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639) \/ \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (NPV). \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062e\u0635\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631.<br \/>\n\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\n\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062e\u0635\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\nNPV = \u03a3(\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \/ (1 + \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0645)^\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<br \/>\n\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u03a3 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629<br \/>\n\u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 (EMV). \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 (EMV)\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<br \/>\n\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\nEMV = \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 * \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629<br \/>\n\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 0 \u06481\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\n\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 50,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0648 30%. \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a.<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 = 0.30 * 50,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 = 15,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631<br \/>\n\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 15,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631.<br \/>\n\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644.<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635<br \/>\n\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0635\u064a\u063a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644. \u0641\u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0629 (EMV)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0629 (NPV)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 (BCR)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d. \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 PMP! \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0641\u0638 30 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 PMP \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2024. \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0650 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 SPOTO.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2783,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2951","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pmp-exam-prep"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 PMP! \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0641\u0638 30 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 PMP \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2024. \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0650 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 SPOTO.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"SPOTO\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/arabicblog\/blog\/%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d9%88%d8%ad%d9%81%d8%b8-%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%ad%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a8-pmp-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%8a\/\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.4\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629 SPOTO - \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a - \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 PMP \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 - \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629 SPOTO - \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 PMP! \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0641\u0638 30 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 PMP 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