{"id":2487,"date":"2024-12-27T08:40:40","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T08:40:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/arabicblog\/?p=2487"},"modified":"2024-12-27T08:40:42","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T08:40:42","slug":"30-%d8%b5%d9%8a%d8%ba%d8%a9-pmp-%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%b4%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a9-pmp-2024","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/arabicblog\/blog\/30-%d8%b5%d9%8a%d8%ba%d8%a9-pmp-%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%b4%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a9-pmp-2024\/","title":{"rendered":"30 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 PMP \u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 PMP 2024"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u064a\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 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\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a (SPI) \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 (CV) \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/li><li>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631: \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644.<br>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629: \u0625\u0646 \u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a \u064a\u0631\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<br>\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 PMP\u00ae \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a. \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 PMP\u060c \u0633\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u064a\u063a PMP \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0643. \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0643 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0643 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644.<br>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/ik.imagekit.io\/upgrad1\/abroad-images\/imageCompo\/images\/1645783104208_25_PMP_Formulas_1A8S3M7.webp?pr-true\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><br>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 PMP \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0623\u0644\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 PMP \u0648\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0643 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0635\u064a\u063a PMP \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 PMP \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0627\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627.<br>30 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 PMP \u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 PMP<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u0641\u064a PERT<br>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629: \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627 = (\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0645 + 4 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b + \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644) \/ 6<br>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u0641\u064a PERT (\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c) \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0645\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0642\u064a\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629. \u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 5 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 10 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a 3 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645.<br>\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 3 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 5 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 10 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629.<br>\u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 (3 + (4&#215;5) + 10)\/6<br>= 5.5 \u064a\u0648\u0645.<br>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<br>\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 (3+5+10)\/3<br>= 6 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 (EMV)<br>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629: EMV = P x I<br>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 (EMV) \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647.<br>\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0640 1\/3 \u0623\u0648 0.33. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0643 6000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 EMV \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<br>6000 * 1\/3 = 2000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631<br>\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/li><li>\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631<br>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629: RPN = \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u00d7 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u00d7 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641<br>\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0648 RPN \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0636\u0631\u0628 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0642\u064a\u0645.<br>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 &#8211; \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631.<br>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629.<br>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 &#8211; \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647.<br>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 50 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 50. \u0648\u0633\u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647. \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 0 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1. \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 0.9 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 0.1 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629.<br>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 RPN. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 RPN \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631. \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 RPN\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629<br>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629: EV = % \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u00d7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632<br>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629.<br>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0632 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632.<br>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a 50000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 60\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<br>50000 \u00d7 60\/100<br>=30.000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631<\/li><li>\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<br>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629: CV = \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629<br>\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642.<br>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0628\u062f\u0629 400 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 450 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<br>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629<br>450 \u2013 400<br>= 50 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631<\/li><li>\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a<br>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629: SV = \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u0627<br>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0647.<br>\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0643 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 20 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 4 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631.<br>\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 (EV) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643 10000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c 7500 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a<br>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0629<br>7500 \u2013 10000<br>= -2500<br>\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 -25%<\/li><li>\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 (CPI)<br>\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 = \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \/ \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629<br>\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0643.<br>\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 1 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f 15000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0628\u062f\u0629 10000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0633\u0646\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<br>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629<br>=15000\/10000 = 1.5<br>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<\/li><li>\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a (SPI)<br>\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 SPI PMP:<br>SPI = \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u0627<br>\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f 1\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 1\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 1\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a.<br>\u0644\u0646\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 7500 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 10000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631<br>\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 SPI \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a<br>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0629<br>7500\/10000 = 0.75<br>\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a.<\/li><li>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 (EAC)<br>\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 EAC PMP:<br>EAC = \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \/ \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<br>EAC = \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 + \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639<br>EAC = \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 + (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629)<br>EAC = \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 + [(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629) \/ (\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u00d7 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a)]<br>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<br>\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a 20000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 0.75.<br>\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 EAC \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a<br>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \/ \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<br>20000\/0.75 = 26667<br>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0633\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647 6,667 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621<br>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 = \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632<br>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0633\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631.<br>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 20000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0648 25000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628:<br>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621<br>20000 \u2013 25000 = -5000<br>\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 -5000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 5000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631<\/li><li>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 (ETC)<br>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629: \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 = \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629<br>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 ETC \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a. \u0633\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<br>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a 25000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0628\u062f\u0629 10000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a.<br>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629<br>25000 \u2013 10000<br>=15000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631<br>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0633\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 15000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d.<\/li><li>\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 (TCPI)<br>\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629:<br>TCPI = (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629) \/ (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629)<br>TCPI = (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629) \/ (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629)<br>\u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 (TCPI) \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 20000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 25000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 10000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 12000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629) \/ (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629)<br>(20000-10000)\/ (25000-12000)<br>= 10000\/13000 = 0.77<br>\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f 0.77<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<br>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a (\u03c3) = (\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u2013 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644) \/ 6<br>\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 &#8220;\u03c3&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0644\u0646\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 4 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u064816 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<br>(\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u2013 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644) \/ 6<br>(16-4)\/6<br>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 2 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/li><li>\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<br>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629: \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 = n(n-1) \/ 2<br>\u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 &#8220;n&#8221; \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 12 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 11 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 11 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 n-1. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 12 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<br>= \u0646(\u0646-1) \/ 2<br>12 (12-1)\/2 = 66<br>\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 66 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<br>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 = \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 + \u0646%<br>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0628\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 &#8220;n&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0628\u062f\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a n 10\u066a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 50. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<br>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 + \u0646%<br>50 + (50 \u00d7 10\/100)<br>=55<br>\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0628\u062f\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 60\u060c \u0641\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0641\u0639 66.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629<br>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 = \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 + \u0646<br>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639. \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 &#8220;n&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641. \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f 50 \u0648 &#8220;n&#8221; \u0639\u0646\u062f 5 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629.<br>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 + \u0646<br>= 50 + 5<br>\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 55\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 70\u060c \u0641\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a 75.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629<br>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0623\u0629 = \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 + \u0646<br>\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 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\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646<br>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 + \u0646<br>50 + 8<br>\u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a 58 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632<br>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 = \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 + \u0646<br>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0623\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f &#8220;n&#8221; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0632 8 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 8 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639. \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 8 \u0625\u0644\u0649 10 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639\u060c \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 4. \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0632. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 50 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a 9 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646.<br>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 + \u0646<br>=50 + 4<br>\u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 54 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0638\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a 11 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a 50 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 (ROI)<br>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 = (\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \/ \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631) \u00d7 100<br>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0627. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d 2000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 30000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0633\u0646\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<br>(\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \/ \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631) \u00d7 100<br>(2000\/30000) \u00d7 100 = 6.67<br>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 6.67%<\/li><li>\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f<br>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629: \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f = \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \/ \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a<br>\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a 20000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 1000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<br>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \/ \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a<br>20000\/1000 = 20<br>\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 20 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627<\/li><li>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629<br>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629: \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 = \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \/ \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<br>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a 20000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 25000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a.<br>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \/ \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<br>25000\/20000 = 1.25<br>\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 1.25 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 1.25 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<br>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629: PV = \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \/ (1 + i)n<br>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (PV) \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a. \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 &#8220;i&#8221; \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0645. \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 &#8220;n&#8221; \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 10\u066a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 5 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a. \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 20000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647<br>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \/ (1 + i)n<br>20000\/ (1+ 10%) 5<br>12418.43<br>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 20,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f 5 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 12,418 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 (FV)<br>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629: FV = \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 x (1 + i)n<br>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644. &#8220;i&#8221; \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0648&#8221;n&#8221; \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 20000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 &#8220;i&#8221; \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a 10% \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 5 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a. \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<br>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 x (1 + i)n<br>20000 \u00d7 (1+0.1)5<br>=32210.2<br>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a 20000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f 5 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 10 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 32210 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627<\/li><li>\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641<br>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629: \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 = \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 + \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629<br>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 100 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 20 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 + \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641<br>100 + 20<br>\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 120 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627<\/li><li>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<br>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629: PTA = [(\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0641 &#8211; \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641) \/ \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a] + \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641<br>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0628\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d. \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 PTA \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0641 25 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 20 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a 5\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 15 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 PTA \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a<br>[(\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0641 &#8211; \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641) \/ \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a] + \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641<br>[[25-20)\/5] +15<br>\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 PT.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 (DPMO)<br>DPMO = \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \/ \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u00d7 1,000,000<\/li><li>\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 (RPN)<br>RPN = \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u00d7 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u00d7 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644<br>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (SV) = \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 (EV) \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0629 (PV)<\/li><li>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0626\u0629 (COPQ)<br>COPQ = \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 + \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 + \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a + \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a<\/li><li>\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f<br>\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f = \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u00d7 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631<br>\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 SPOTO \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 PMP \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a<br>\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a Agile \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629!<br>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 PMP<br>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a PMP \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 PMP. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644. \u0633\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629.<br>\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0633\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0628\u0643 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 KnowledgeHut PMP Certification \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639.<br>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 PMP\u061f<br>\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 (PMP) \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 PMP. \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0633\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<br>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629<br>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 PMP\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 (EV) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 EV = % \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u00d7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 (BAC). \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 40% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 BAC \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 100000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 EV \u0647\u064a 40000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631.<br>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0646<br>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0646. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 (CPI) \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a (SPI). \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 CPI = EV \u00f7 Actual Cost (AC). \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 SPI = EV \u00f7 Planned Value (PV). \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627.<br>\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629<br>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 = \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u00f7 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<br>\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629<br>\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 1 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 1 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<br>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 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\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 (PMP) &#8211; \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0635\u064a\u063a PMP \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u061f\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0647. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 PMP\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/arabicblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2487"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/arabicblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/arabicblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/arabicblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/arabicblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2487"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/arabicblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2487\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2488,"href":"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/arabicblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2487\/revisions\/2488"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/arabicblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2487"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/arabicblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2487"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cciedump.spoto.net\/arabicblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2487"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}